The occurrence and abundance of infective stages of zoonotic nematodes in selected edible fish sold in Australian fish markets

Suthar, Jaydipbhai; Shamsi, Shokoofeh

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104833

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…All reported cases had history of eating raw/undercooked/microwaved seafood, including freshwater and marine fish and shellfish. Anisakid larvae are not host specific in their larval stages and have been frequently reported in the seafood listed in the “ Results ” section from many regions of the world, with more frequency in fish than shellfish species (Karl 2008 ; Kijewska et al 2009 ; Chen et al 2010 ; Angelucci et al 2011 ; Bernardi et al 2011 ; Choi et al 2011 ; Madrid et al 2012 ; Shamsi et al 2016 ; Guardone et al 2018b ; Hossen and Shamsi 2019 ; Suthar and Shamsi 2021 ; Williams et al 2022 ). Global warming and climate change are also reported to cause a rise/shift in the population of these parasites in fish/shellfish (Shamsi et al 2018 ; Fiorenza et al 2020b ; Shamsi 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of anisakidosis cases occurring globally

Shamsi

Barton

2023

Parasitol Res

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A review was conducted to identify the most common causative agents of anisakidosis, the methods used for identification of the causative agents, and to summarize the sources of infection, and patients’ demographics. A total of 762 cases (409 articles, inclusive of all languages) were found between 1965 and 2022. The age range was 7 months to 85 years old. Out of the 34 countries, Japan, Spain, and South Korea stood out with the highest number of published human cases of anisakidosis, respectively. This raises the question: Why are there few to no reports of anisakidosis cases in other countries, such as Indonesia and Vietnam, where seafood consumption is notably high? Other than the gastrointestinal tract, parasites were frequently found in internal organs such as liver, spleen, pancreas, lung, hiatal and epigastric hernia, and tonsils. There are also reports of the worm being excreted through the nose, rectum, and mouth. Symptoms included sore throat, tumor, bleeding, gastric/epigastric/abdominal/substernal/lower back/testicular pain, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, blood in feces, hematochezia, anemia, and respiratory arrest. These appeared either immediately or up to 2 months after consuming raw/undercooked seafood and lasting up to 10 years. Anisakidosis commonly mimicked symptoms of cancer, pancreatitis, type I/II Kounis syndrome, intussusception, Crohn’s disease, ovarian cysts, intestinal endometriosis, epigastralgia, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hernia, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, and appendicitis. In these cases, it was only after surgery that it was found these symptoms/conditions were caused by anisakids. A range of not only mainly marine but also freshwater fish/shellfish were reported as source of infection. There were several reports of infection with >1 nematode (up to >200), more than one species of anisakids in the same patient, and the presence of L4/adult nematodes. The severity of symptoms did not relate to the number of parasites. The number of anisakidosis cases is grossly underestimated globally. Using erroneous taxonomic terms, assumptions, and identifying the parasite as Anisakis (based solely on the Y-shaped lateral cord in crossed section of the parasite) are still common. The Y-shaped lateral cord is not unique to Anisakis spp. Acquiring a history of ingesting raw/undercooked fish/seafood can be a clue to the diagnosis of the condition. This review emphasizes the following key points: insufficient awareness of fish parasites among medical professionals, seafood handlers, and policy makers; limited availability of effective diagnostic methodologies; and inadequate clinical information for optimizing the management of anisakidosis in numerous regions worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of anisakidosis cases occurring globally

Shamsi

Barton

2023

Parasitol Res

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“…In addition, nematodes of zoonotic importance ( Contracaecum spp., Anisakis spp., and Hysterothylacium spp.) were also detected in the edible fishes sampled in Australia (Suthar and Shamsi 2021 ).…”

Section: Fish-derived Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control

Ziarati

Zorriehzahra

Hassantabar

et al. 2022

Veterinary Quarterly

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Fish and aquatic-derived zoonotic diseases have caused considerable problems in the aquaculture industry and fishery worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases can pose widespread threats to humans. With the world’s growing population and potential global trade of aquaculture and fish, the risk of environmental contamination and development of fish and aquatic-derived zoonoses in humans are increasing. The important causes of zoonoses include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The zoonotic bacterial agents are divided into two main groups: Gram-positive ( Mycobacteriaceae , Streptococcaceae , Erysipelothricaceae families) and Gram-negative ( Aeromonadaceae , Vibrionaceae , Pseudomondaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , and Hafniaceae families). The premier parasitic agents include cestodes (tapeworm; e.g. Diphyllobothrium spp.), trematodes (fluke; e.g. Opisthorchis spp.), and nematodes (round worm; e.g. Anisakis spp.). In addition, protozoan organisms such as Cryptosporidium spp. are also considered fish-derived zoonotic pathogens. Two groups of fish-associated fungi causing basidiobolomycosis and sporotrichosis also pose a zoonotic risk for humans. The majority of the fish-derived zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans mainly via the consumption of improperly cooked or raw fish or fish products. Therefore, the incidence of zoonotic diseases can be reduced by properly processing fish and fish products, e.g. by thermal (heat/freezing) treatment. The prevalence of zoonotic agents in fishes varies seasonally and should be regularly monitored to evaluate the prevalence of pathogens in both wild and cultured fish populations. This review focuses on the fish zoonotic agents/diseases and their control and prevention.

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The occurrence of Anisakis spp. in Australian waters: past, present, and future trends

Shamsi

2021

Parasitol Res

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The occurrence and abundance of infective stages of zoonotic nematodes in selected edible fish sold in Australian fish markets

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

A critical review of anisakidosis cases occurring globally

A critical review of anisakidosis cases occurring globally

Zoonotic diseases of fish and their prevention and control

The occurrence of Anisakis spp. in Australian waters: past, present, and future trends

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