The occurrence, characteristics, transformation and control of aromatic disinfection by-products: A review

Occurrence and Distribution of Disinfection Byproducts in Domestic Wastewater Effluent, Tap Water, and Surface Water during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in China

“…29−34 Recent studies have also identified emerging aromatic halogenated DBPs in drinking water, which exhibited higher toxicity in comparison to most aliphatic DBPs. 25,35,36 Some aromatic DBPs in wastewater effluents have been reported to present high developmental toxicity and growth inhibition, and their release into the receiving water body might induce adverse effects on aquatic species. Thus, DBPs have caused significant public safety concerns due to their high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.…”

“…Thus, DBPs have caused significant public safety concerns due to their high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 19,21,36 Most scientific studies since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 have focused on the efficiency of virus elimination or deactivation. 11,14,37 In contrast, only a few studies have evaluated the changes in the occurrence, distribution, and the potential risks of DBPs due to the elevated use of disinfectants.…”

“…Currently, more than 700 DBPs have been reported, including THMs, haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloketones (HKs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), halogenated nitromethanes (HNMs), nitrosamines (NAs), haloalcohols, haloamides, and some aromatic halogenated DBPs. ,− The presence of DBPs is a cause of significant concern, as they are carcinogenic and mutagenic. Although the levels of four THMs and five HAAs were regulated in drinking water by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), several previous studies have shown that most nitrogenous DBPs (NAs, HNMs, and HANs) exhibited higher toxicity and health risks in comparison to carbonaceous DBPs (THMs and HAAs). − Recent studies have also identified emerging aromatic halogenated DBPs in drinking water, which exhibited higher toxicity in comparison to most aliphatic DBPs. ,, Some aromatic DBPs in wastewater effluents have been reported to present high developmental toxicity and growth inhibition, and their release into the receiving water body might induce adverse effects on aquatic species. Thus, DBPs have caused significant public safety concerns due to their high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. ,, …”

A critical review on diverse technologies for advanced wastewater treatment during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: What do we know?

“…Many DBPs have been proven to have carcinogenic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential, making them toxic to humans and aquatic organisms in chlorinated water ( Kali et al 2021 ). Likewise, drinking water should be governed by the DBPs Rule ( Liu et al 2020 ), because of the large production volume and genotoxicity of two influential groups of DBPs: trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). However, chemical disinfectants and inactivating agents are two of the many disinfection methods currently used in full-scale WWTPs.…”

Nanobiotechnology enabled approaches for wastewater based epidemiology

“… WBE targets Representative contaminants Ref Inorganic ions [ 7 , 8 ] heavy metals ions Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn nonmetallic ions sulfate, phosphate, chloride, perchlorate, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, arsenate Organic chemicals [ [9] , [10] , [11] ] pesticides atrazine, carbendazim, diazinon, diuron, glyphosate, isoproturon pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) ibuprofen, caffeine, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, musk ketone, triclosan, octocrylene endocrine disruptors compounds (EDCs) estrone, bisphenol A, progesterone, estriol, 17-β-estradiol polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) anthracene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene surfactants linear alkylbenzene, secondary alkane sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, perfluorooctanoic acid Industry emitted synthetic dyes acridine orange, Sudan I, neutral red, methylene blue, rhodamine B, malachite green Pathogens and biomolecules [ 5 , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ] Microorganisms Escherichia coli , fecal coliforms, Legionella spp. , antibiotic resistant bacteria Viruses coronavirus, adenovirus, noroviruses, hepatitis A virus, sapovirus pathogenic genetic material pathogenic DNA/RNA Antibiotic resistance genes blaKPC, blaSHV, ermB, mefAE, sul1, vanA, intI1 Other chemicals [ 16 , 17 ] disinfection by products (DBPs) trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides microplastics …”