The occurrence of a ciguatera-like poison in oysters, clams, and Gymnodinium breve cultures

McFarren, Earl F.; Tanabe, H.; Silva, F.J.; Wilson, W.B.; Campbell, J. E.; Lewis, Keith H.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(65)90005-x

Cited by 168 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fish kills occur even at low concentrations when cells lyse and the toxin is absorbed across the gills (Baden, 1988), resulting in high mortalities during blooms (Baden and Mende, 1982;Kirkpatrick et al, 2004). Routes of exposure in vertebrates include direct ingestion of toxin-producing cells, accumulation through trophic pathways, and direct exposure to extracellular toxin in the water column (often associated with bubbles) through gill exposure in fish or inhalation of aerosolized brevetoxins in humans and marine mammals (McFarren et al, 1965;Abbott et al, 1975;Fleming et al, 2005;Pierce et al, 2005;Woofter et al, 2005).…”

Section: Brevetoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Paul

Arthur

Ritson‐Williams

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

180

152

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Section: Brevetoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Paul

Arthur

Ritson‐Williams

et al. 2007

The Biological Bulletin

180

152

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“…Trainor and Baden 1990) and mouse bioassays (McFarren et al 1965). In a national plan identifying research and informational needs for biotoxins and harmful algae, Anderson et al (1993, p. 15) noted that " .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve

Millie

Schofield

Kirkpatrick

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

199

141

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The utility of photopigments and absorption signatures to detect and enumerate the red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve, was evaluated in laboratory cultures and in natural assemblages. The carotenoid, gyroxanthindiester, was an adequate biomarker for G. breve biomass; water‐column concentrations corresponded with cell standing crops and chlorophyll a concentrations during bloom events in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Unlike other carotenoids, the relative abundance of gyroxanthin‐diester did not change throughout a range of physiological states in culture and the gyroxanthin‐diester: chlorophyll a ratio exhibited little variability in a natural assemblage during bloom senescence. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that wavelengths indicative of in vivo absorption by accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids could correctly discern spectra of the fucoxanthin‐containing G. breve from spectra of peridinin‐containing dinoflagellates, a diatom, a haptophyte, and a prasinophyte. With the use of a similarity algorithm, the increasing contribution of G. breve was discerned in absorption spectra (and corresponding fourth‐derivative plots) for hypothetical mixed assemblages. However, the absorption properties of chlorophyll c‐containing algae vary little among taxa and it is difficult to discern the contribution of accessory chlorophylls and carotenoids caused by cell packaging. Therefore, the use of absorption spectra alone may not identify the contribution of a chlorophyll c‐containing taxon to the composite spectrum of a mixed assemblage. This difficulty in distinguishing among spectra can be minimized by using the similarity algorithm in conjunction with fourth‐derivative analysis.

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“…In humans, two distinct clinical entities, depending on the route of exposure, have been identified. Ingestion of bivalve molluscs contaminated with brevetoxins leads to neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), the symptoms of which include nausea, cramps, paresthesias, weakness and difficulty in movement, paralysis, seizures and coma (Baden and Mende, 1982;Ellis, 1985;McFarren et al, 1965). Inhalation of the aerosolized brevetoxins from sea spray results in respiratory irritation as well as dizziness, tunnel vision and skin rashes (Baden and Mende, 1982;Pierce, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brevetoxin-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2 and Src in murine neocortical neurons involves distinct signaling pathways

et al. 2007

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Brevetoxins (PbTx-1 to PbTx-10) are potent lipid soluble polyether neurotoxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins bind to site 5 of the α-subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and augment Na + influx. In neocortical neurons brevetoxins elevate intracellular Ca 2+ and augment NMDA receptor signaling. In this study, we explored the effects of PbTx-2 on Pyk2 and Src activation in neocortical neurons. We found that both Pyk2 and Src were activated following PbTx-2 exposure. PbTx-2-induced Pyk2 Tyr402 phosphorylation was dependent on elevation of Ca 2+ influx through NMDA receptors. Moreover, Pyk2 Tyr402 phosphorylation was also found to require PKC activation inasmuch as RO-31-8425 and GF 109203x both attenuated the response. In contrast, PbTx-2-induced Src Tyr416 phosphorylation involved a Gq-coupled receptor inasmuch as U73122, a specific PLC inhibitor, abolished the response. This Gq-coupled receptor appears to be mGluR 5. The PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin abolished PbTx-2-induced Src activation demonstrating that this isoform of PKC is involved in the activation of Src by PbTx-2. Considered together these data suggest that although activation of neuronal Pyk2 and Src result from PbTx-2 stimulation of VGSC, engagement of these two non-receptor tyrosine kinases involves distinct signaling pathways.

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The occurrence of a ciguatera-like poison in oysters, clams, and Gymnodinium breve cultures

Cited by 168 publications

References 4 publications

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Chemical Defenses: From Compounds to Communities

Detection of harmful algal blooms using photopigments and absorption signatures: A case study of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve

Brevetoxin-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2 and Src in murine neocortical neurons involves distinct signaling pathways

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