The occurrence of Anaplasmataceae in European populations of invasive carnivores

Hildebrand, Joanna; Buńkowska-Gawlik, Katarzyna; Adamczyk, M.; Gajda, Ewa; Merta, Dorota; Popiołek, Marcin; Perec-Matysiak, Agnieszka

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.018

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The fact that neither CNL nor “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98) (see below) have been confirmed in populations of raccoons in Europe ( 15 ) and Japan ( 6 ) support the hypothesis that the narrow specificity of CNL to native populations of raccoons in North American presumably relates to a vector ( 15 ).…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatasupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The obtained rrs and groEL sequences showed to be closely related to the raccoon associated “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” from North America but clearly distinct from the Ixodes ricinus transmitted zoonotic “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” found in Eurasia ( 97 ). Later, this agent was also detected in foxes (0.8%) from Czech Republic ( 7 ), in an European badger ( Meles meles ) from Hungary ( 98 ) and, more recently, in foxes (0.4%) in Western Austria ( 32 ) and in raccoon dogs (30%) from Poland ( 15 ) (Table 2 ). More studies are necessary in order to isolate this new agent as well as investigate its geographic distribution and host range.…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Among procyonids, A. phagocytophilum rrs have been molecularly detected in raccoons (24.6%) from Connecticut, USA ( 50 ) and Poland (1.3%) ( 15 ), and coatis (3.2%) from Pantanal, Brazil ( 12 ) (Table 1 ). In Brazilian Pantanal, an Anaplasma rrs closely related to A. phagocytophilum was detected in A. sculptum nymphs collected from one coati ( 12 ).…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, one out 187 feral raccoons (0.5%) sampled in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, showed to be seropositive to A. phagocytophilum ( 51 ). Recently, A. phagocytophilum was detected in a raccoon (1.2%) from northwestern Poland ( 15 ). The groEL sequence analysis showed that the found A. phagocytophilum belongs to the European zoonotic ecotype I previously reported by Jahfari et al ( 22 ) and Hildebrand et al ( 15 ).…”

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their expansion and harm effect on native fauna have raised fervent discussions surrounding this issue, mainly because of the lack of natural enemies and their fast pacing growing, making their control virtually impossible. Although little is known about the role of raccoons in the A. phagocytophilum -epidemiological cycles in Europe, a low frequency (0.8%) of infection has been recently reported among a population of raccoons sampled in Hungary ( 15 ).…”

Section: Implications Of Anaplasmataceae Infection In Wild Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Recently, the incidence and awareness of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals have increased due to several factors, which in association favor the chances of contact among wild animals and their ectoparasites, domestic animals and humans. Wild and domestic carnivores are considered the primary source of tick-borne zoonotic agents to humans. Among emergent tick-borne pathogens, agents belonging to family Anaplasmataceae (Order Rickettsiales) agents stand out due their worldwide distribution and zoonotic potential. In this review we aimed to review the genetic diversity of the tick-transmitted genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” in wild carnivores Caniformia (Canidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae) and Feliformia (Felidae, Hyanidae, Procyonidae and Viverridae) worldwide, discussing the implications for human and domestic animal health and wildlife conservation. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been identified as hosts for Anaplasma spp. (A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma ovis, A. platys), Ehrlichia canis and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) and may contribute to the maintaenance of A. phagocytophilum in Europe. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been reported as hosts for E. canis, A. bovis, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” and A. phagocytophilum, and play a role in the maintenance of A. phagocytophilum in the USA. Raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) may play a role as hosts for A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum. New Ehrlichia and/or Anaplasma genotypes circulate in wild canids and felids from South America and Africa. While Ehrlichia sp. closely related to E. canis has been reported in wild felids from Brazil and Japan, Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. phagocytophilum has been detected in wild felids from Brazil and Africa. Red foxes and mustelids (otters) are exposed to E. canis in countries located in the Mediaterranean basin, probably as a consequence of spillover from domestic dogs. Similarly, E. canis occurs in procyonids in North (raccoons in USA, Spain) and South (Nasua nasua in Brazil) Hemispheres, in areas where E. canis is frequent in dogs. While “Candidatus Neoehrlichia lotoris” seems to be a common and specific agent of raccoons in the USA, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp.” (FU98 strain) seems to show a broader range of hosts, since it has been detected in red fox, golden jackal (Canis aureus) and badger (Meles meles) in Europe so far. Brown (Ursus arctos) and black (Ursus americanus) bears seem to play a role as hosts for A. phagocytophilum in the North Hemisphere. Anaplasma bovis has been detected in wild Procyonidae, Canidae and Felidae in Asia and Brazil. In order to assess the real identity of the involved agents, future works should benefit from the application of MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing), WGS (Whole Genome Sequencing) and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies aiming at shedding some light on the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae agents.

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Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatasupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Prevalence and Diversity Of Tick-borne Anaplasmatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications Of Anaplasmataceae Infection In Wild Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

André

2018

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes is associated with community composition of vertebrate hosts

et al. 2022

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne pathogen that has been detected in many tick and vertebrate species. It is among the most widespread tick-borne pathogens in animals in Europe. The bacterium can be genetically divided into four ecotypes, which are linked to distinct but overlapping host species. However, knowledge about the transmission dynamics of the enzootic cycles of the different ecotypes is limited. Here, we quantified the link between the ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum, the different life stages of the tick Ixodes ricinus, and vertebrate host groups through a meta-analysis. We extracted data on the mean I. ricinus burden and the A. phagocytophilum infection prevalence in both hosts and feeding I. ricinus from 197 papers on 77 wildlife species. With this information, we modeled the relative importance of different host taxonomic groups for the circulation of the different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in a theoretical assemblage of hosts with varying presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and densities of small mammals. We showed that the composition of the vertebrate community affects the relative abundance of different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in the different life stages of I. ricinus. The presence of red deer is likely to increase the infection prevalence of Ecotype 1 in ticks, while small mammal densities drive the prevalence in ticks of mainly Ecotype 3, and to a lesser extent Ecotype 1. In Europe, vertebrate communities are changing, with an increase in red deer abundance and changes in the population dynamics of small mammals. Our results suggest that these changes could imply an increase in the circulation of A. phagocytophilum and thus an increase in the risk for public and veterinary health.

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Wild raccoons in Germany as a reservoir for zoonotic agents

Stope

2019

Eur J Wildl Res

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The occurrence of Anaplasmataceae in European populations of invasive carnivores

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

Diversity of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia/Neoehrlichia Agents in Terrestrial Wild Carnivores Worldwide: Implications for Human and Domestic Animal Health and Wildlife Conservation

The circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes is associated with community composition of vertebrate hosts

Wild raccoons in Germany as a reservoir for zoonotic agents

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