The Occurrence of Cell Wall Appositions in Flag Leaves of Spring Wheats, Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Wheat Leaf Rust

Jacobs, Th.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1989.tb01134.x

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, the association between different components of resistance to leaf rust seems strong in barley (Parlevliet, 1986). Jacobs (1989) reported that latent period and infection frequency did not appear to be under the same genetic control in wheat genotypes partially resistant to P. recondita f. sp. tritici.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apparently Lr34 mediates different mechanisms of resistance. Following the reasoning of Jacobs (1989), a pre-haustorial resistance mechanism, relatively stable to variation in temperature, is responsible for reduced uredinium numbers in adult RL6058 plants. In the post-haustorial colonization phase, the resistance mechanism delaying colony development is only activated by low post-infection temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of inoculum density and temperature on three components of leaf rust resistance controlled by Lr34 in wheat

Pretorius

Kloppers

Drijepondt³

1993

Euphytica

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Different inoculum densities had negligible effects on latent period, uredinium density and uredinium size measured on flag leaves of adult RL6058 (Thatcher* 6/PI58548 [Lr34]) plants kept at low (17.5 ° C) post-infection temperatures in a glasshouse. In a qualitative assessment of rust severity at higher (24.6°C) temperatures, all three components of resistance indicated a susceptible flag leaf response on RL6058. In the latter environment, precise estimations of receptivity to different inoculum densities showed that adult RL6058 plants supported significantly less pustules than the leaf rust-susceptible cultivar Thatcher. In tillering plants, statistically equal numbers of uredinia developed on RL6058 and Thatcher in all paired temperature-inoculum density combinations. Growth stage-related susceptibility, and higher temperatures conducive to a shorter latent period and larger uredinia, could result in high terminal severities of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici on wheat genotypes containing Lr34. The reduction in receptivity associated with this gene may contribute, however, to delayed disease increase on cultivars or lines with monogenic Lr34 resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of inoculum density and temperature on three components of leaf rust resistance controlled by Lr34 in wheat

Pretorius

Kloppers

Drijepondt³

1993

Euphytica

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“…The most crucial period for IF is most likely the 24 hrs after germination of the urediospores . According to Jacobs (1989) two different phases are present in PR of wheat to wheat leaf rust . During first phase cell wall appositions are present at sites where the fungus tries to penetrate a host cell .…”

Section: Infection Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The similarity in response of US-reducing factors and LP-prolonging factors reflects the growth potential of wheat leaf rust and, probably, the growth retardation in the second phase (Jacobs, 1989) .…”

Section: Urediosorus Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of post-infection temperature on three components of partial resistance in wheat to wheat leaf rust

Broers

Wallenburg

1989

Euphytica

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Three components of partial resistance (PR) were studied at three post-infection temperatures using seven spring wheat genotypes differing in level of PR and two different wheat leaf rust races . The components were latency period (LP), infection frequency (IF) and urediosorus size (US) . The expression of LP was more sensitive to temperature than the expression of the other two components . LP-prolonging genes were better expressed at low temperatures than at high temperatures and cultivar differences tended to increase with decreasing temperature in both seedling and adult plant stages . The reaction of IF to temperature differed from that of LP and US, probably because IF is regulated by another mechanism than LP and US .It is recommended to perform PR-screening tests at low rather than at high temperatures . If temperatures are maintained at about 8-13'C (night-day), seedlings can be used to screen for PR instead of the more expensive adult plant tests .The effectiveness of PR in seedling stage at low temperatures suggests that the seedling stage may have epidemiological significance as the low temperatures (8-13° C) are relevant for seedlings in the field .

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“…Together, the topology and gain-or loss-of-function data support a potential functional relationship between CaXEGIP1 expression and cell wall strengthening during the HR cell death-mediated resistance response. In some plantpathogen interactions, the resistance responses accompany rapid cell death and cell wall thickening at the site of attempted infection (Politis and Goodman, 1978;Devarenne and Martin, 2007;Jacobs, 2008). For example, infection of resistant potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants with Phytophthora infestans triggers the formation of papilla at the penetration site and thickening of the entire cell wall prior to HR-like cell death (Schmelzer, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pepper Extracellular Xyloglucan-Specific Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Inhibitor Protein Gene,CaXEGIP1, Is Required for Plant Cell Death and Defense Responses

et al. 2012

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Plants produce various proteinaceous inhibitors to protect themselves against microbial pathogen attack. A xyloglucan-specific endo-b-1,4-glucanase inhibitor1 gene, CaXEGIP1, was isolated and functionally characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. CaXEGIP1 was rapidly and strongly induced in pepper leaves infected with avirulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, and purified CaXEGIP1 protein significantly inhibited the hydrolytic activity of the glycoside hydrolase74 family xyloglucan-specific endo-b-1,4-glucanase from Clostridium thermocellum. Soluble-modified green fluorescent protein-tagged CaXEGIP1 proteins were mainly localized to the apoplast of onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated overexpression of CaXEGIP1 triggered pathogen-independent, spontaneous cell death in pepper and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. CaXEGIP1 silencing in pepper conferred enhanced susceptibility to virulent and avirulent X. campestris pv vesicatoria, accompanied by a compromised hypersensitive response and lowered expression of defense-related genes. Overexpression of dexamethasone: CaXEGIP1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced resistance to Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis infection. Comparative histochemical and proteomic analyses revealed that CaXEGIP1 overexpression induced a spontaneous cell death response and also increased the expression of some defense-related proteins in transgenic Arabidopsis leaves. This response was also accompanied by cell wall thickening and darkening. Together, these results suggest that pathogen-inducible CaXEGIP1 positively regulates cell death-mediated defense responses in plants.

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The Occurrence of Cell Wall Appositions in Flag Leaves of Spring Wheats, Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Wheat Leaf Rust

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of inoculum density and temperature on three components of leaf rust resistance controlled by Lr34 in wheat

Effects of inoculum density and temperature on three components of leaf rust resistance controlled by Lr34 in wheat

Influence of post-infection temperature on three components of partial resistance in wheat to wheat leaf rust

The Pepper Extracellular Xyloglucan-Specific Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Inhibitor Protein Gene,CaXEGIP1, Is Required for Plant Cell Death and Defense Responses

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