The occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in samples of surface water and wastewater collected in Kraków, Poland

Styszko, Katarzyna; Durak, Justyna; Malicka, Anna; Bochnia, Tadeusz; Żaba, Tadeusz

doi:10.5004/dwt.2021.27502

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Thermo Scientific GC Trace 1300 gas chromatograph coupled with a ITQ 900 ion trap mass spectrometer and a TriPlus RSH autosampler was used to perform the analyses. The details of the analytical method described elsewhere 57 . Xcalibur software was used for the collection of data, and the analysis and processing of the said data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use

Styszko

Durak

Kończak

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particular attention is devoted to pharmaceutical residues in sewage sludge caused by their potential ecotoxicological effects. Diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, β-estradiol, were analysed in four types of fertilizers, based on sewage sludge commercial products, in compliance with Polish requirements. The release of active pharmaceutical compounds from fertilizers to water the phase after 24 h and 27 days was analysed. Solid-water partition coefficients (Kd) and partitioning coefficient values normalized on organic carbon content (log KOC) were evaluated. The environmental risk to terrestrial ecosystems, due to the application of fertilizers onto soils, was estimated. Cumulative mass of pharmaceuticals emitted to water from fertilizers ranged from 0.4 to 30.8 µg/kg after 24 h contact. The greatest amount of the material that was released, over 70%, was observed for carbamazepine. No presence of compounds except ibuprofen was observed after 27 days of testing. The highest environmental risk in fertilizers is due to carbamazepine, risk quotation, RQ = 0.93 and diclofenac RQ = 0.17. The values of risk quotation estimated for soil were below RQ = 0.01. This fact means that no risk to terrestrial ecosystems is expected to occur. The important decrease of the concentrations of active compounds after passing from sewage sludge to fertilizers [and] to fertilized soil could be observed.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use

Styszko

Durak

Kończak

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Transformation products of diclofenac: Formation, occurrence, and toxicity implication in the aquatic environment

Nosek,

Zhao

2024

Water Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessment of the Presence of Microplastics in Stabilized Sewage Sludge: Analysis Methods and Environmental Impact

Worek,

Kawoń,

Chwiej

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wastewater treatment processes can fragment microplastics (MPs), which may subsequently enter fertilizers applied in agricultural settings. This study aimed to quantify the occurrence of MPs in stabilized sewage sludge intended for fertilizer production. Matrix elimination was performed using an oxidative method to isolate MPs, followed by MPs separation with a saturated salt solution of appropriate density to enhance the accuracy of identification. The resulting samples were analyzed using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to provide the detailed characterization of MPs content. The highest concentrations of MPs were recorded during the months of June, July, and May, with average values of 2942, 2341, and 1746 fragments per 100 g of dry weight, respectively. The analysis revealed that fragments were the dominant morphological form, and low-density polyethylene was the most common polymer type detected. These findings underscore a significant risk of MPs re-emission into the environment through the agricultural application of fertilizers derived from sewage sludge. Such practices may lead to the introduction of between 6110 and 13,889 MPs per square meter of soil, depending on the application rates, thereby posing potential risks to soil health and the broader ecosystem. This study highlights the importance of monitoring MPs content in fertilizers derived from wastewater treatment by-products.

show abstract

The occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in samples of surface water and wastewater collected in Kraków, Poland

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use

The impact of sewage sludge processing on the safety of its use

Transformation products of diclofenac: Formation, occurrence, and toxicity implication in the aquatic environment

Assessment of the Presence of Microplastics in Stabilized Sewage Sludge: Analysis Methods and Environmental Impact

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About