The occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in Slovenian and Croatian wastewaters and receiving Sava river

Abstract

Highlights:1. Bisphenols E and B were detected > LOQ in European SW for the first time.2. Bisphenols AP, CL2, P and Z were detected > LOQ in European WW for the first time.3. Correlation between CEC mass loads in Sava River and corresponding WWs was observed. 4. Overall CEC contamination downstream the Sava River was confirmed.5. All SWs with detected HM-BP, IB or Be-PB posed at least a medium environmental risk.*Highlights (for review : 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters including spaces per bullet point)

National scale down‐the‐drain environmental risk assessment of oxybenzone in the United States

“…Although the focus on the environmental impacts of UV filters has been on the marine environment (due to sunscreens use at beaches), UV filters are also used daily in CPCPs for which the main environmental exposure route is wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents discharged to freshwaters. A review of UV filter concentrations in rivers and WWTP effluent across the globe reveals that BP‐3 is indeed released to and is present in this matrix (e.g., Česen et al, 2019 ; Kameda et al, 2011 ; Kasprzyk‐Hordern et al, 2009 ; see Table S6 ). Current global monitoring data suggest that concentrations in freshwater are generally below 0.1 µg/L (e.g., across 42 data points globally, Table S6 ).…”

Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments (2020)

“…An investigation into the occurrence of emerging contaminants associated with WWTP on the Sava River in Slovenia and Croatia was presented by Česen, Ahel, Terzić, Heath, and Heath (2019). Analytes were quantified by GC‐MS after extraction using polymeric (Oasis HLB, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA USA) solid‐phase extraction followed by derivatization by MSTFA.…”

Contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment

“…In the effluent of the WWTPs, which contributed the major inputs into the upper and middle course of the Sava River (Slovenian and Croatian), twenty‐three CECs were identified above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and CAF and the UV filter 4‐hydroxybenzophenone (H‐BP) were recorded in the highest concentrations. Several bisphenols were recorded above the LOQ for the first time in Europe (Cesen, Ahel, Terzic, Heath, & Heath, 2019). In Pretoria (a city in Gauteng, a province with the most dense population, South Africa), the effluent samples were collected from one of the WWTPs, where trickling filter and activated sludge process are applied, and azole antifungal drugs which have been classified as CECs were detected in the targeted analysis with fluconazole occurring in the highest level (302.38 ng/L) (Assress, Nyoni, Mamba, & Msagati, 2019).…”