“…Direct transfers can provide inoculums that are hundreds of thousands times larger than the bite of an infected mosquito and would be predicted, as in other direct transfer experiments, to give a more virulent infection. This type of transmission is also more frequently associated with jaundice compared with mosquito-borne transmission [8] and, coincidentally, was symptomatic of all four deaths investigated in Borneo. With regard to the future, the concern related to expansion of this disease through the blood supply is a very real one.…”