The occurrence of specific cytoplasmic granules in the osteoclast

Scott, Berenice

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80071-6

Cited by 61 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…be fundamentally similar to the mechanism through which the lysosomal content is secreted into the endocytosis vacuoles or phagosomes (for a review, see de Duve and Wattiaux, 1966). The ultrastructural observations of Scott (1967) indeed support the view of a direct excretion of the lysosomal content into the closed vacuoles or phagosomes of the osteoclast ruffled border (which contain acid phosphatase and B-glucuronidase, as shown by Hancox andBoothroyd, 1963, andby Dory andRobinson, 1968) and also into the numerous neighboring channels or saccules which are still in direct communication with the extracellular resorption zone underneath the brush border (for illustration of these structures, see Hancox and Boothroyd, 1963).…”

Section: Effect Of Pte and Of Purified Pth On The Release Of Lactate mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data which may have significance regarding the mechanisms of solubilization of the mineral (the release of acid and of large amounts of lactate by the cells) will also be reported, and, in the discussion, an hypothesis will be presented which integrates these two groups of observations. Parts of the work described have already been the object of preliminary notes (Vaes, 1965 b, 1966 a andb).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Mechanisms of Bone Resorption

Vaes

1968

The Journal of Cell Biology

326

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Bone resorption, characterized by the solubilization of both the mineral and the organic componcnts of the osscous matrix, was obtaincd in tissue culture under thc action of parathyroid hormonc (PTH). It was accompanied by the excretion of six lysosomal acid hydrolascs, which was in good correlation with thc progress of the resorption cvaluatcd by the release of phosphate, calcium 45 or hydroxyproline from the cxplants; there was no increased excretion of two nonlysosomal cnzymcs, alkaline phosphatase, and catalasc. Balance studics and experiments with inhibitors of protein synthesis indicated that the intracellular stores of the acid hydrolases excreted were maintained by new synthesis. The release was not due to a direct disruption of the lysosomal membrane by PTH; it is presumed to result from an exocytosis of the whole lysosomal content and to involve mechanisms similar to those controlling the secretion of this content into digestive vacuoles.The resorbing explants acidified their culture fluids at a faster rate and released more lactate and citrate than the controls; this release was in good correlation, in the PTHtreated cultures, with the resorption of the bone mineral, but the amount of citrate released was considerably smaller than that of lactate. The acid released could account for the resorption of the mineral.It is proposed, as a working hypothesis, that the acid hydrolases of the lysosomes are active in the resorption of the organic matrix of bone and that acid, originating possibly from the stimulation of glycolysis, cares for the concomitant solubilization of bone mineral while also favoring the hydrolytic action of the lysosomal enzymes.

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Section: Effect Of Pte and Of Purified Pth On The Release Of Lactate mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mechanisms of Bone Resorption

Vaes

1968

The Journal of Cell Biology

326

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“…Graph summarizing the changes in the mononuclear cell population in the coronal third of the dental follicle and the percentage of the adjacent alveolar bone surface in the coronal third of the crypt occupied by and 14) rather than the dental follicle itself. This uncertainty may be resolved by an ultrastructural study of osteoclasts and mononuclear cells in both locations to see if either possesses the specific dense, membranebound granules reported to characterize osteoclasts and their precursors (Scott, 1967;R i a i n et al, 1980). The presence of osteoclasts and the abundant osteoblasts in the crypt wall before eruption (Table 1, 10-14 weeks) may not be surprising if one considers the metabolism of alveolar bone during this period.…”

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confidence: 99%

The cytology of the dental follicle and adjacent alveolar bone during tooth eruption in the dog

1983

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Previous studies from our laboratories have shown that premolar eruption in dogs depends upon the presence of the dental follicle and is independent of root or crown growth or attachment to the oral epithelium. The present study is an analysis of the cellular composition of the dental follicle and the cellular investment of the adjacent walls of the bony crypt before and during eruption of the third and fourth mandibular permanent premolars in young beagle dogs. Four premolar follicles and their adjacent bony crypts were examined at 2-week intervals over 12 weeks before and during eruption of these teeth. Tissues were removed, fixed, processed, and oriented so that each follicle and the adjacent crypt wall could be reproducibly examined in vertical and horizontal planes. Mononuclear cells with abundant cytoplasm, euchromatic nuclei, and prominent nucleoli were present in juxtavascular location in the coronal part of the dental follicle; and these cells increased in number immediately preceding and during tooth eruption in parallel with an increase in osteoclasts on the adjacent crypt wall. These data are interpreted to mean that the coronal part of the dental follicle may coordinate the alveolar bone resorption required for tooth eruption by attracting and directing to the crypt wall a population of mononuclear cells, which either become osteoclasts and/or direct osteoclastic activity during tooth eruption.

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“…With respect to other clastic cells, many authors have reported the existence of some mineral crystals in the channels of the ruffled borders and in some cytoplasmic vacuoles away from the ruffled borders of osteoclasts that resorb bone (Cameron and Robinson, 1958;Scott, 1967;Fetter and Capen, 1971;Göthlin and Ericsson, 1972;Kallio et al, 1972;Lucht, 1972;Bonucci, 1974;Pierce, 1989) and of odontoclasts that resorb dentin (Furseth, 1968;Sasaki et al, 1988). However, some authors suggested that the presence of the mineral crystals within the channels of the ruffled border of these clastic cells was probably artifactual precipitation caused by tissue fixation (Schenk et al, 1967;Vaes, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural features of odontoclasts that resorb enamel in human deciduous teeth prior to shedding

et al. 1998

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Three dental hard tissues, i.e., cementum, dentin, and enamel, are resorbed by multinucleated cells referred to as "odontoclasts." These cells have morphological and functional characteristics similar to those of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, concerning enamel resorption, which is a process that may occur during tooth eruption, satisfactory ultrastructural data on odontoclastic resorption are still lacking. Ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics of odontoclasts resorbing enamel of human deciduous teeth prior to shedding were examined by means of light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Odontoclasts that that resorbed enamel were tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated giant cells that were essentially the same as those that resorbed dentin and cementum. Ultrastructurally, they had numerous mitochondria, lysosomes, and free polysomes in their cytoplasm. In addition, they were characteristically rich in large cytoplasmic vacuoles containing enamel crystals in the cytoplasm opposite the ruffled border. Although they extended a well-developed, ruffled border against enamel surface, a clear zone--an area typically devoid of organelles--was rarely seen in these cells. In many cases, the cells were in very close contact with the enamel surface by the peripheral part of their cytoplasm. The enamel prisms at the resorption surface contained more loosely packed and electron-lucent enamel crystals compared with those of unresorbed, intact enamel. Furthermore, numerous thin needle- or plate-like enamel crystals that were liberated from the enamel matrix were found in the extracellular channels of the ruffled border and in various-sized cytoplasmic vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The superficial layer of the enamel matrix undergoing odontoclastic resorption stained positively with toluidine blue and for TRAP activity. The results of the present study suggest that odontoclasts resorbing enamel secrete acids as well as organic components, including hydrolytic enzymes, into the resorption zone underlying their ruffled border and that they phagocytose crystals that have been liberated from the partially demineralized enamel matrix by acids, subsequently dissolving them intracellularly.

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The occurrence of specific cytoplasmic granules in the osteoclast

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

On the Mechanisms of Bone Resorption

On the Mechanisms of Bone Resorption

The cytology of the dental follicle and adjacent alveolar bone during tooth eruption in the dog

Ultrastructural features of odontoclasts that resorb enamel in human deciduous teeth prior to shedding

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