The Occurrence of Strontium-90, Iodine-131, and Other Radionuclides in Milk—May, 1957, Through April, 1958

Campbell, J. E.; Murthy, G.K.; Goldin, Abraham; Robinson, Hunter; Sträub, Conrad P.; Weber, F.J.; Lewis, Keith H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.49.2.225

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Milk and honey are similar in that each is produced by foraging animals in every U.S. State, but in the 1950s, milk was considered the most likely pathway for nuclear fallout to enter the U.S. food supply. Consequently, a surveillance program sampled milk at central processing plants to monitor the radionuclide content, beginning with stations in five major cities 18 , but expanding with individual state programs to include over 100 stations in the 1960s. With the PMN and individual state programs joining the efforts using the same methodology, over 10,000 measurements of 137 Cs in milk are available, including monthly measurements from nearly every U.S. State for 1960 to 1975 19 , 41 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because Cs has a similar ionic charge and radius as K, an essential element for plants, 137 Cs is absorbed from the soil via K-specific membrane transporters in vegetation 16 , 17 . This pathway for 137 Cs from soils to plants and into the human diet was predicted decades ago, leading to a government-supported radionuclide surveillance program that conducted widespread testing of milk in the late 1950s–1980s 18 , 19 . However, there is no published research documenting the presence or absence of 137 Cs in eastern U.S. plants or in the U.S. food supply since 1988 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants

2021

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Abstract137Cs is a long-lived (30-year radioactive half-life) fission product dispersed globally by mid-20th century atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Here we show that vegetation thousands of kilometers from testing sites continues to cycle 137Cs because it mimics potassium, and consequently, bees magnify this radionuclide in honey. There were no atmospheric weapons tests in the eastern United States, but most honey here has detectable 137Cs at >0.03 Bq kg−1, and in the southeastern U.S., activities can be >500 times higher. By measuring honey, we show regional patterns in the biogeochemical cycling of 137Cs and conclude that plants and animals receive disproportionally high exposure to ionizing radiation from 137Cs in low potassium soils. In several cases, the presence of 137Cs more than doubled the ionizing radiation from gamma and x-rays in the honey, indicating that despite its radioactive half-life, the environmental legacy of regional 137Cs pollution can persist for more than six decades.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants

2021

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Section: Soil Potassium Inhibits 137 Cs Uptake By Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cs from soils to plants and into the human diet was predicted decades ago, leading to a government supported radionuclide surveillance program that conducted widespread testing of milk in the late 1950s-1980s 18,19 . However, there is no published research documenting the presence or absence of 137 Cs in eastern U.S. plants or in the U.S. food supply since 1988 20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Bomb Atoms in Modern Honey Reveal a Regional Soil Control on Pollutant Cycling by Plants

Kaste

Volante

Elmore

2020

Preprint

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One of the longer-lived and more dangerous fission products dispersed globally by mid-20th century atmospheric nuclear weapons testing was 137Cs, which has a 30-year radioactive half-life. It has generally been assumed that outside of the vicinity of the test sites, 137Cs fallout washed off vegetation and was immobilized by soil, and thus of no ecological concern. Here we show that native plants thousands of kilometers from testing sites continue to cycle 137Cs because it mimics the essential nutrient potassium, and consequently, bees magnify this potentially lethal radionuclide in honey. There were no atmospheric weapons tests in the eastern United States, but, most honey here has detectable 137Cs at >0.03 Bq kg-1 (~1 million atoms per tablespoon), and in the southeastern U.S. it can be over 500 times higher. By measuring honey, we show regional patterns in the biogeochemical cycling of 137Cs for the first time and conclude that plants and animals receive disproportionally high exposure to ionizing radiation from 137Cs in soils with low potassium. In several cases, the presence of 137Cs more than doubled the ionizing radiation from gamma rays and x-rays in the honey, indicating that despite its radioactive half-life, the environmental danger to honeybees from this fission product can persist for more than six decades.

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“…The residues of organochlorine (OCs), DDT and its metabolites, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane were analyzed using GC-MS following the MPRA S-9 method [31]. The determination of radionuclides in beverage carried out according to the method G.K. Murthy [32].…”

Section: Determinate Of Quality Parameters Of Soya Beveragementioning

confidence: 99%

The New Combined Soy Beverage for Elderly People: the Technology Process and the Use

Палагина¹,

Плехова²,

Fishchenko³

et al. 2013

J Food Process Technol

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This study was conducted to develop of functional beverages on the basis of cultured aqueous extraction of soya grains with added extracts from Schisandra chinensis. Formulas and technology for production of functional beverages on the basis of aqueous soya extract, extract of Schisandra chinensis berries and probiotic starters (Lactobacillus bulgaricus и Streptococcus thermophilus) have been developed. Shelf life of beverages has been determined. Quality and safety of developed products have been studied. Characterizing the chemical composition and nutritional value of combined soy beverage, we can conclude that they differ balanced protein composition, adjusted for fatty acid composition, have a low calorie, which is very important for the elderly and balanced mineral macronutrients. Soy fermented beverages "Taste of Health" has a high number of viable cells, the optimal pH, allowing lactic acid bacteria remain in the active state during storage. All this makes it possible to call the resulting drink probiotic drinks functionality.

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The Occurrence of Strontium-90, Iodine-131, and Other Radionuclides in Milk—May, 1957, Through April, 1958

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants

Bomb 137Cs in modern honey reveals a regional soil control on pollutant cycling by plants

Bomb Atoms in Modern Honey Reveal a Regional Soil Control on Pollutant Cycling by Plants

The New Combined Soy Beverage for Elderly People: the Technology Process and the Use

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