The occurrence of the Pear Psyllid, Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Uruguay

Valle, Diana; Burckhardt, Daniel; Mujica, Valentina; Zoppolo, R.; Morelli, Enrique

doi:10.15560/13.2.2088

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…are major pests of pear ( Pyrus spp.) in the Palaearctic region and, as introductions, in the New World (Valle et al ., 2017). They inflict damage by excessive removal of phloem sap and by soiling the fruits with honeydew which, in turn, provides a substrate for sooty mould (Hodkinson, 1984; Burckhardt and Hodkinson, 1986; Burckhardt, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae), a tale of continued misidentifications

Cho

Malenovský

Burckhardt³

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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AbstractPear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae: Cacopsylla spp.) belong to the most serious pests of pear (Pyrus spp.). They damage pear trees by excessive removal of phloem sap, by soiling the fruits with honeydew which, in turn, provides a substrate for sooty mould, and by transmission of Candidatus Phytoplasma spp., the causal agents of the pear decline disease. The morphological similarity, the presence of seasonal dimorphism that affects adult colour, size and wing morphology and uncritical use of species names, led to much confusion in the taxonomy of pear psyllids. As a result, pear psyllids have been frequently misidentified. Many of the entries attributed to Cacopsylla pyricola and other species in the GenBank are misidentifications which led to additional, unnecessary confusion. Here we analysed DNA barcodes of 11 pear psyllid species from eastern Asia, Europe and Iran using four mitochondrial gene fragments (COI 658 bp, COI 403 bp, COI-tRNAleu-COII 580 bp and 16S rDNA 452 bp). The efficiency of identification was notably high and considerable barcoding gaps were observed in all markers. Our results confirm the synonymies of the seasonal forms of Cacopsylla jukyungi ( = C. cinereosignata, winter form) and C. maculatili ( = C. qiuzili, summer form) previously suggested based on morphology. Some previous misidentifications (C. chinensis from China, Japan and Korea = misidentification of C. jukyungi; C. pyricola and C. pyrisuga from East Asia = misidentification of C. jukyungi and C. burckhardti, respectively; C. pyricola from Iran = misidentification of C. bidens, C. pyri and Cacopsylla sp.) are also corrected. There is no evidence for the presence of European pear psyllid species in East Asia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding of pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae), a tale of continued misidentifications

Cho

Malenovský

Burckhardt³

et al. 2020

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Two species have colonized the New World (Fig. 2), likely by transport of infested pear host plants: C. pyricola into North America in the early 1800s (Slingerland 1892) and C. bidens into South America sometime before the mid-1900s (Valle et al 2017).…”

Section: Taxonomy Diversity and Distribution Of The Pear-feeding Psyl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, biology, and management of the pear psyllids: a global look

Civolani,

Soroker,

Cooper

et al. 2023

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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The pear psyllids (Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson; Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) are a taxonomically difficult group of at least 24 species native to the Palaearctic region. One or more species occur in most pear-growing regions, in some cases as invasive introductions. Existing reviews of this group are primarily of taxonomic focus with limited overviews of biology. The earliest biological studies of the pear psyllids centered on a core group of a few western European species. In part, this focus arose because diversity of the pear psyllids was poorly understood. As taxonomic understanding has advanced over the last 3 decades, research has expanded taxonomically. Increasing difficulties in controlling the pear psyllids additionally has contributed to growth in research. Here, we review a now-extensive literature on diversity, biology, and management of the pear psyllids. Three broad observations emerged from this synthesis. First, large gaps in biological understanding of the pear psyllids persist for several geographic faunas, most notably for psyllids of the Eastern Palaearctic region. Second, taxonomic diversity is accompanied by biological diversity. Despite the commonality in host use among the pear psyllids, with each species being limited to development on Pyrus, striking differences exist among species in life cycles, wintering, and other biological traits. Third, many of the tools being used to manage pear psyllids today are in existence because of the long history of basic research which has targeted these pests. These tools include new insecticides of higher selectivity, various cultural and horticultural tactics, and practices that conserve natural enemies in orchards.

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“…When pheromone-based control techniques such as mating disruption are successfully used for the management of primary lepidopteran pests, secondary pests typically bene t from the reduction in pesticide use (Zoppolo et al 2015). In the case of pear orchards, the pear psyllid Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has assumed a role of primary pest (Burckhardt and Hodkinson 1986;Valle et al 2017). This psyllid causes both direct and indirect damages due to the feeding of nymphs and adults, the incidence of sooty mold and the vectoring of the phytoplasma Candidatus phytoplasma pyri (Horton 1999 the experiments, the larvae were kept under the same ambient conditions as described and fed with Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) eggs as well as an arti cial diet based on chicken liver.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae

2023

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While chemical control is still the primary strategy for insect pest management in fruit production, alternative strategies such as biological control need to be incorporated. Biological control may bene t from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. In southern South America, the pear psylla Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) has become a major pest in pear orchards. In this study, we identi ed VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by C. bidens and compared these with VOCs induced by a leaf-chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Moreover, we evaluated the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. Plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. In contrast, leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, -ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C. externa larvae preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that psylla-induced aliphatic aldehydes may be used as prey-speci c chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our ndings contributes to the general notion of using semiochemicals as tools for attracting and retaining natural enemies in agroecosystems.

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The occurrence of the Pear Psyllid, Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Uruguay

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

DNA barcoding of pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae), a tale of continued misidentifications

DNA barcoding of pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae), a tale of continued misidentifications

Diversity, biology, and management of the pear psyllids: a global look

Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae

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