The Occurrence, Properties and Significance of Citrinin Mycotoxin

Jh, Doughari

doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000321

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Toxicity and genotoxicity of citrinin are related to oxidative stress or increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes. In mice and rabbits, LD 50 is estimated at 100 mg kg −1 BW, while citrinin residues may occur in edible tissues and eggs after oral exposure of animals to highly contaminated feed [38,39]. Dihydrocitrinone (Figure 3c) is a secondary metabolite that originated from Penicillium and Aspergillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro

Kovač

Šarkanj

Borišev

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Despite the efforts to control mycotoxin contamination worldwide, extensive contamination has been reported to occur in food and feed. The contamination is even more intense due to climate changes and different stressors. This study examined the impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng mL−1) on the secondary metabolite profile of the most relevant foodborne mycotoxigenic fungi from genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria and Penicillium, during growth in vitro. Fungi were grown in liquid RPMI 1640 media for 72 h at 29 °C, and metabolites were investigated by the LC-MS/MS dilute and shoot multimycotoxin method. Exposure to FNP showed great potential in decreasing the concentrations of 35 secondary metabolites; the decreases were dependent on FNP concentration and fungal genus. These results are a relevant guide for future examination of fungi-FNP interactions in environmental conditions. The aim is to establish the exact mechanism of FNP action and determine the impact such interactions have on food and feed safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro

Kovač

Šarkanj

Borišev

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Penicillium verrucosum produces OTA but occurs only in cool temperate climates, where it infects small grains like wheat and barley [48] and not commonly isolated in tropical areas. Penicillium citrinum is a species where citrinin toxin was first isolated, but the toxin has subsequently been identified to be produced by several Penicillium and Aspergillus species [49]. No information is available on the contamination of citrinin in fish feeds; however, its producer P. citrinum has been isolated from fish feeds [37, 40].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Fish Feeds and Ingrementioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds and Their Impact on Fish Health

Marijani

Kigadye

Okoth

2019

International Journal of Microbiology

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The rapid population growth in developing countries has led to strong pressure on capture fisheries. However, capture fisheries have reached their maximal limits of fish production and are supplemented by farmed fish. The growth in aquaculture has led to high demand for fish feeds, which play a very important role in fish nutrition and health. Use of animal protein in fish feeds is expensive; hence, a majority of farmers from developing countries use local feed ingredients from plant origin as a source of dietary protein. However, these ingredients of plant origin provide the best natural substrates for fungi, which can be easily accompanied by mycotoxin development under suitable conditions. The locally made feed comprises ingredients such as soybeans, cottonseed cake, and wheat and maize bran which are mixed together and ground after which the compounded feed is pelleted and stored. Among the ingredients, maize and oilseeds are more susceptible for mycotoxigenic fungi compared to other ingredients. The outcomes of mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds are not different from other animal species intended for human consumption, and they are directly associated with production losses, particularly decreased weight gain and feed conversion, impaired immune system and reproductive performance, and increased fish mortality. Fish may also carry mycotoxin residues along the food chain, thus compromising human health. Hence, it is important to ensure the control of mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds, especially during the production and storage.

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“…В метаболизме монаколина К участвуют ферменты цитохрома P450 (CYP450) и P-гликопротеин, что указывает на потенциальное взаимодействие с ле-карственными средствами, которые в основном метаболизируются этими же путями [11]. КДР содержит дополнительные соединения с потенциальными липидоснижающими свойствами, такие, как растительные стеролы, изофлавоны и мононенасыщенные жирные кислоты, а также другие компоненты, включая жирные кислоты, пигменты и цитринин -вторичный метаболит с нефротоксическими свойствами, образующийся в процессе ферментации [12].…”

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The Role of Red Yeast Rice Based Preparations for Non-Pharmacological Correction of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Low and Moderate Cardiovascular Risk (Expert Opinion)

Ezhov

Catapano

Escobar

et al. 2020

Racionalʹnaâ farmakoterapiâ v kardiologii

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The Russian Federation is among countries with high cardiovascular risk. Hypercholesterolemia is a leading risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, such approaches as lifestyle changes and pharmacological correction, based on the use of statins, are applied. At the same time, a significant proportion of the population has moderate hypercholesterolemia and is characterized by low or moderate cardiovascular risk. Although first-line recommendations should be followed, a healthy lifestyle alone is not enough to achieve target levels of LDL-C, which means that even people with low to moderate risk may end up with the prospect of lifelong therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. These individuals do not have an indication for lipid-lowering therapy, and they are usually recommended a change in diet and supplementation. Innovative nutritional strategies have been developed to manage dyslipidemia. They were based either on changing some “risky” food components or on encouraging the consumption of “healthy” functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals (registered as food supplements in Russia) is an innovative way to help control LDL-C at low and moderate risk individuals without lipid-lowering drugs and as nutritive support for the cholesterol-lowering diet. Red yeast rice (RYR) based preparations have been already developed and available at the moment. RYR based preparations can be considered in patients with low and moderate cardiovascular risk, who have not reached the target level of LDL-C and have no indications for statin therapy or have statin intolerance. RYR based preparations contains a statin-like substance monacolin K in a dose of 3 mg. In randomized clinical trials, it was proved that the use of high-quality RYR nutraceutical leads to a decrease in LDL-C by an average of 20% without increasing the risk of side effects like for statins. Evaluation of dietary supplements and functional foods should necessarily include not only evidence of beneficial effects with respect to effects on the lipid profile and atherosclerosis, but also proven good tolerability. The manufacturing standard for these products is also important, guaranteeing component standardization and quality. RYR analogues should guarantee the absence of mycotoxin in their composition. In Russia, programs are needed for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases with effects on hypercholesterolemia at the population level.

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The Occurrence, Properties and Significance of Citrinin Mycotoxin

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro

Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Affect Secondary Metabolite Profile of Important Foodborne Mycotoxigenic Fungi In Vitro

Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds and Their Impact on Fish Health

The Role of Red Yeast Rice Based Preparations for Non-Pharmacological Correction of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Low and Moderate Cardiovascular Risk (Expert Opinion)

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