The Occurrences of Ca2UO2(CO3)3 Complex in Fe(II) Containing Deep Groundwater at Forsmark, Eastern Sweden

Tullborg, Eva‐Lena; Suksi, Juhani; Geipel, Gerhard; Krall, Lindsay; Auqué, Luis F.; Gimeno, M. Concepción; Puigdomènech, I.

doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.111

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The bedrock at Forsmark has variable lithology, multiple deformation zones, multiple generations of fracture fillings and coatings, and a time‐varying stress history that spans 1.89 Ga and most recently includes Quaternary glaciations and deglaciations (Drake et al, 2009; Hall et al, 2019; Löfgren & Sidborn, 2016; Lönnqvist & Hökmark, 2013; Martin, 2007; Stephens et al, 2015). Previous studies have indicated that increased pore pressure associated with glacially induced hydraulic jacking may open subhorizontal fractures with large apertures (>1 cm) as deep as 200 m (Lönnqvist & Hökmark, 2013) and may influence groundwater geochemistry and support microbial life as deep as 500 m (Tullborg et al, 2017). In addition, the variance of in situ stress measurements from overcoring has been attributed to localized stresses associated with deformation zones in the subsurface (Hakala et al, 2019; Martin, 2007; Stephens et al, 2015).…”

Section: Connections Between the Subsurface Stress Field And Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐Day Stress Field Influences Bedrock Fracture Openness Deep Into the Subsurface

Moon

Perron

Martel

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Fracturing of bedrock promotes water-rock interactions and influences the formation of the life-sustaining layer of soil at Earth's surface. Models predict that present-day stress fields should influence bedrock fracture openness, but testing this prediction has proven difficult because comprehensive fracture data sets are rarely available. We model the three-dimensional present-day stress field beneath the deglaciated, low-relief landscape of Forsmark, Sweden. We account for ambient regional stresses, pore pressure, topography, sediment weight, and seawater loading. We then compare the modeled stresses to a data set of~50,000 fractures reaching depths of 600 m at Forsmark. We show that modeled failure proxies correlate strongly with the fraction of observed open fractures to depths of~500 m. This result implies that the present-day regional stress field, affected by surface conditions and pore pressure, influences fracture openness in bedrock hundreds of meters beneath the surface, thereby preparing the rock for further weathering. Plain Language Summary The "critical zone"-the life-sustaining part of the Earth that extends from the top of the tree canopy to the bottom of permeable bedrock-is essential for ecosystems and agriculture. The opening of bedrock fractures and onset of water-rock interaction are crucial to the formation of the critical zone. Within the bedrock, the intensities of horizontal regional forces and vertical gravitational forces typically increase with depth. These force intensities, or stresses, are modified by surface effects associated with topography, the weight of overlying seawater and sediment, and by groundwater pressure. However, the influence of these surface effects on fractures has been difficult to observe because comprehensive fracture data sets are rare. In this study, we examine whether, and to what depths, bedrock may fracture under the influence of stress associated with surficial conditions. We compare bedrock stress calculations with~50,000 fractures from 18 cores reaching depths of 600 m at Forsmark, Sweden. We find that the present-day stress field influences the opening of fractures to depths of 500 m, contributing to the formation of the critical zone and the preparation of rock for weathering hundreds of meters beneath the surface, much deeper than previously thought.

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Section: Connections Between the Subsurface Stress Field And Fracturementioning

confidence: 99%

Present‐Day Stress Field Influences Bedrock Fracture Openness Deep Into the Subsurface

Moon

Perron

Martel

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The lowest reported rate constant for a Ca2UO2(CO3)3 0 -dominated system, fed by microbial lactate digestion, is 3.1•10 -7 s -1 (Stewart et al, 2011). Reduced at this rate, [Uaq] would decrease by two orders-of-magnitude [Uaq] within a year, whereas [Uaq] at Forsmark has been stable since 2008 (Tullborg et al, 2017).…”

Section: Residence Times and Redox Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Indeed, the aqueous Ca2UO2(CO3)3 0 complex, which inhibits U(VI)aq reduction (e.g. Fox et al, 2006;Singer et al, 2009, Stewart et al, 2011, was found at depths exceeding 500 m (Tullborg et al, 2017). Furthermore, Ca-U(VI)-silicate minerals preserve evidence of partial oxidation of U(IV), originally deposited in uraninite and uranothorite minerals, during the geologically early events of hydrothermal fluid circulation that affected the Forsmark bedrock (Krall et al, 2015(Krall et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radium isotopes to trace uranium redox anomalies in anoxic groundwater

et al. 2020

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“…1974년 캐나다 원자력에너지부(Atomic Energy of Canada)는 HLW 지질처분 후보지의 지질로 결정질암을 선택하였으나 (Aikin et al, 1977) (Bath, 2002), 미생물, 콜로이드 및 가스, 공극수 (Waber et al, 2012), 균열 충전광물 (Tullborg and Larson, 1984;Wallin and Peterman, 1999;Tullborg et al, 2008;Tullborg et al, 2017;Krall et al, 2019) 등에 대한 자료 가 사용되었다. 이들 자료는 종합 평가, 즉 지하수 혼합 평가 (Laaksoharju et al, 1999;Gómez et al, 2014), 방사 성 핵종 용해 (Suksi et al, 2021) 2000;Aalto et al, 2009;Posiva Oy, 2010;Vira, 2017).…”

Section: 캐나다unclassified

Status and Implications of Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Deep Groundwater for Deep Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in Developed Countries

Choi

Park³

et al. 2022

Econ. Environ. Geol.

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For the geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW), an understanding of deep subsurface environment is essential through geological, hydrogeological, geochemical, and geotechnical investigations. Although South Korea plans the geological disposal of HLW, only a few studies have been conducted for characterizing the geochemistry of deep subsurface environment. To guide the hydrogeochemical research for selecting suitable repository sites, this study overviewed the status and trends in hydrogeochemical characterization of deep groundwater for the deep geological disposal of HLW in developed countries. As a result of examining the selection process of geological disposal sites in 8 countries including USA,

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The Occurrences of Ca2UO2(CO3)3 Complex in Fe(II) Containing Deep Groundwater at Forsmark, Eastern Sweden

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Present‐Day Stress Field Influences Bedrock Fracture Openness Deep Into the Subsurface

Present‐Day Stress Field Influences Bedrock Fracture Openness Deep Into the Subsurface

Radium isotopes to trace uranium redox anomalies in anoxic groundwater

Status and Implications of Hydrogeochemical Characterization of Deep Groundwater for Deep Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in Developed Countries

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