The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Indications of Use and Reporting of DXA for Body Composition

Kendler, David L.; Borges, João Lindolfo Cunha; Fielding, Roger A.; Itabashi, Akira; Krueger, Diane; Mulligan, Kathleen; Camargos, Bruno Muzzi; Sabowitz, Brian; Wu, Chih‐Hsing; Yu, Elaine W.; Shepherd, John

doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.020

Cited by 95 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…cluded differences in body thickness, variations in fat distribution and the fat content of bone marrow, and difficulties in evaluating fat mass in under-or overlying bone (34)(35)(36). Because of these possible limitations of body composition assessment by DXA, we tried to confirm our result with additional measurement techniques and found that both total and regional distribution of fat mass through extremities was not changed in RA patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not different than healthy subjects

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not different than healthy subjects

et al. 2014

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“…This would have resulted in overestimation of lean mass among individuals with CKD, because participants with lower eGFR would be the most likely to have significant edema and inappropriately high estimates of ASMI. Comparisons between different machines are problematic, and serial measurements of an individual should be performed on the same scanner (39). It is relatively costly and involves minimal radiation exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is relatively costly and involves minimal radiation exposure. If detailed measurements of specific body compartments are desired, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging may be preferable (39). Less precise methods, such as anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance analysis, are less costly and easier to implement for nonresearch purposes, and they likely assess body fat more accurately in patients with CKD than BMI (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sarcopenia with eGFR and Misclassification of Obesity in Adults with CKD in the United States

Sharma¹,

Hawkins²,

Abramowitz

2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

121

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Background and objectives Muscle wasting is common among patients with ESRD, but little is known about differences in muscle mass in persons with CKD before the initiation of dialysis. If sarcopenia was common, it might affect the use of body mass index for diagnosing obesity in people with CKD. Because obesity may be protective in patients with CKD and ESRD, an accurate understanding of how sarcopenia affects its measurement is crucial.Design, setting, participants, & measurements Differences in body composition across eGFR categories in adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 who underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were examined. Obesity defined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry versus body mass index and sarcopenia as a contributor to misclassification by body mass index were examined.Results Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were more prevalent among persons with lower eGFR (P trend ,0.01 and P trend ,0.001, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, the association of sarcopenia with eGFR was U-shaped. Stage 4 CKD was independently associated with sarcopenia among participants $60 years old (adjusted odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 6.51 for eGFR=15-29 compared with 60-89 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ; P for interaction by age=0.02). Underestimation of obesity by body mass index compared with dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry increased with lower eGFR (P trend ,0.001), was greatest among participants with eGFR=15-29 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 (71% obese by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry versus 41% obese by body mass index), and was highly likely among obese participants with sarcopenia (97.7% misclassified as not obese by body mass index).Conclusions Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are highly prevalent among persons with CKD and contribute to poor classification of obesity by body mass index. Measurements of body composition beyond body mass index should be used whenever possible in the CKD population given this clear limitation.

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“…The DXA whole body scan is used to assess bone density in children and young adults but the same procedure may provide data regarding the body composition (fat, lean and bone mineral mass, respectively). Although most DXA software allow nowadays for an estimate of visceral adipose tissue, the level of detail is inferior to that of CT or MRI (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). On the other hand, as in the osteoporosis case, DXA body composition (DXA BC) may be preferred as the whole body may be easily quantified, radiation exposure is low, it has good accuracy and precision and it is likely to be more accessible and more economical to obtain than CT or MRI (6,7).…”

Section: Something Oldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The C677T Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation and Alzheimer’s Disease: A meta-analysis of 33 Studies

Ren¹

2014

Acta Endo (Buc)

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Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is well known as the "gold standard" technique for the diagnosis of osteoporosis; therefore its "brightness" puts into shadow other valuable applications both in research and clinical practice. Whole body scan offers the opportunity to analyze the body composition, the oldest non bone densitometric application with valuable research data relevant for sarcopenia diagnosis, obesity and lipodystrophy diagnosis. Hip geometry analysis is also an older feature of DXA femur scan remained in the research area. The trabecular bone score (TBS) is the newest and most astonishing application using DXA scans: it brings bone quality data based on the image texture analysis of the spine DXA images with relevant impact on the fracture risk assessment independent of the bone density. Vertebral fracture assessment could be done in the same visit with bone densitometry using DXA rapid lateral spine scan: it is a borrowed application from plain radiology, as atypical femoral fracture (AFF) diagnosis and relies on the increased image quality of the DXA scans on recent equipments. At the same time, incidental findings on these images offer the opportunity to evaluate aortic calcifications useful for cardiovascular risk evaluation.

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The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Indications of Use and Reporting of DXA for Body Composition

Cited by 95 publications

References 131 publications

Body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not different than healthy subjects

Body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is not different than healthy subjects

Association of Sarcopenia with eGFR and Misclassification of Obesity in Adults with CKD in the United States

The C677T Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation and Alzheimer’s Disease: A meta-analysis of 33 Studies

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