The Oklahoma City Bombing: Structure and Mechanisms of the Murrah Building

Response of a reinforced concrete infilled-frame structure to removal of two adjacent columns

“…Indirect design is also used in DOD [2]. Although the indirect design method can reduce the risk of progressive collapse [6,7] estimation of post-failure performance of structures designed based on such a method is not readily possible.…”

Elastic–plastic response spectra for exponential blast loading

“…A recent example of such a failure was the well-known collapse of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma following a terrorist attack (Prendergast [1], Sozen et al [2] ).…”

Progressive collapse evaluation of Murrah Federal Building following sudden loss of column G20

“…Two primary sets of publications which evaluated the collapse of the MFB are: (a) the FEMA/ASCE report [4] and the paper by Sozen et al [5] and (b) the ASCE report by Hinman and Hammond [1] and the paper by Osteraas [3]. There are other studies that analytically evaluated the collapse of the MFB.…”

“…Then, the possibility of the collapse of the MFB due to the sudden loss of column G20 is investigated. Finally, a review of FEMA 277 [4] and the paper by Sozen et al [5] is presented.…”

“…The purposes of the investigation by the FEMA/ASCE report [4] and Sozen et al [5] were to evaluate the initial damage caused by the blast, determine the failure mechanism for the building, and review design methods for reducing likelihood of collapse of buildings in the future. The nominal flexural strengths of the girders' sections of the line G frame were determined.…”