The Oklahoma Squall Line of 19 May 1977. Part I: A Multiple Doppler Analysis of Convective and Stratiform Structure

Kessinger, Cathy; Ray, Peter S.; Hane, Carl E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<2840:toslom>2.0.co;2

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Studies of squall lines at midlatitudes have demonstrated that some of these systems also possess many of the features found in tropical squall lines (see Maddox 1980;Ogura and Liou 1980;Bluestein and Jain 1985;Smull andHouze 1985, 1987a,b;Srivastava et al 1986;Hane et al 1987;Kessinger et al 1987: Leary and Rappaport 1987: Maddox et al 1987: Rutledge and Houze 1987: Rutledge et al 1988. However, 80me squall lines at midlatitudes are noticeably different from their tropical counterparts.…”

Section: Statement By Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Squall Lines of the Arizona Monsoon

Smith

Gall

1989

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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Section: Statement By Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical Squall Lines of the Arizona Monsoon

Smith

Gall

1989

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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“…The maximum updraft in the snowbands is *4ms-1, while in tropical squall lines is *5ms-1 and in midlatitude squall lines is *12ms-1 (Zipser and LeMone, 1980). The maximum reflectivity in the snowbands is weaker (*30 dBZ) than the one in squall lines (*40dBZ: e.g., Leary and Houze, 1979;Smull and Houze, 1987;Kessinger et al, 1987) because of the weaker updraft and lower temperature.…”

Section: * Comparison With Tropical and Midlatitude Squall Linesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although some squall lines are of the supercell type, most of them are of multicellular type (e.g., Houze, 1977;Zipser, 1977;Smull and Houze, 1985;Kessinger et al, 1987). New cells are found on the front side, mature cells with high reflectivity in the middle and old decaying cells on the rear side.…”

Section: * Comparison With Tropical and Midlatitude Squall Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Squall Line Like Convective Snowbands over the Sea of Japan

Sakakibara¹,

Ishihara²,

Yanagisawa³

1988

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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This paper describes the internal structure of two convective snowbands, deduced by using mainly single-Doppler radar data, which developed over the Sea of Japan in winter, traveled nearly perpendicularly to their orientation, and showed common features.A typical snowband was formed in a convective mixed layer 4km deep over the relatively warm sea surface in the early stage of a cold-air outbreak. This snowband was a multicell system which contained two or three echo cells in a vertical plane normal to its orientation. Each echo cell developed aloft in the forward portion of the snowband and became a mature echo cell in the middle of the snowband. The upper portion of old cells remains in a small anvil with low reflectivity below the stable layer in the rear part of the snowband. The snowband had the main updraft in its forward portion. The updraft tilted upshear and penetrated the stable layer above the convective mixed layer. There was a descending current from rear to front relative to the snowband in the lower half of the anvil. Snow particles evaporated in the downdraft. The leading edge of the downdraft was observed on the ground as a gust front with a severe gust and a drop in temperature of *1*.The circulation and maintenance mechanism of the convective snowbands was similar to those of tropical and midlatitude squall lines.

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“…Indeed, such synthesis has improved our understanding in many fields, including mesoscale convective systems (Roux et al 1984;Kessinger et al 1987;Ishihara et al 1988;Lemaître et al 1989), severe and tornadic storms (Brandes 1981;Klemp et al 1981;Ziegler et al 1983;Dowell and Bluestein 1997;Tessendorf et al 2005;Beck et al 2006;Wurman et al 2007), snow clouds over the Sea of Japan (Yoshimoto et al 2000;Kawashima and Fujiyoshi 2005;Yamada 2010), lake-effect snow storms (Kristovich 1993), cumulus convection (Grinnell et al 1996), and the planetary boundary layer (Gal-Chen and Kropfli 1984; Eymard and Weil 1988;Markowski and Hannon 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Wind Fields Derived from the Multiple-Doppler Synthesis and Continuity Adjustment Technique (MUSCAT)

Yamada

2013

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Characteristics of wind fields derived from multiple-Doppler synthesis and continuity adjustment technique (MUSCAT) and MUSCAT substituting mass flux conservation for the continuity equation are investigated mainly on the basis of the numerically simulated Doppler velocity data, assuming a ground-based dual-Doppler synthesis over a flat plane. The gain factor and the accuracy of the wind components are discussed for MUSCAT and the conventional synthesis. A modified formulation of data fit is tested, and found to be useful. The results of numerical experiments employing height-independent two-dimensional pure divergent wind fields show that the wind components around the surface exhibit similar accuracy, regardless of whether MUSCAT is used with the continuity equation or mass flux conservation. In both cases, the results are more accurate than those obtained from the conventional synthesis as far as the gain factors are close to unity. In a three-dimensional volume, in which the height-dependent two-dimensional wind fields are defined by their horizontal and vertical components, MUSCAT provides more accurate determination of wind components than the conventional method.Finally, MUSCAT is applied to a wind recovery from Doppler radar data collected for a shallow convective snow band over the Sea of Japan in 1993. The results indicate that the vertical wind fields are affected most extensively by the type of mass conservation adjustments and by the weighting factor applied to the filter term. This suggests that these should be appropriately chosen to ensure better wind recovery in certain cases.

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The Oklahoma Squall Line of 19 May 1977. Part I: A Multiple Doppler Analysis of Convective and Stratiform Structure

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Tropical Squall Lines of the Arizona Monsoon

Tropical Squall Lines of the Arizona Monsoon

Squall Line Like Convective Snowbands over the Sea of Japan

Characteristics of Wind Fields Derived from the Multiple-Doppler Synthesis and Continuity Adjustment Technique (MUSCAT)

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