The Old English Prefix ge- : A Panchronic Reappraisal

This article deals with the recursive compounding of Old English nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. It addresses the question of the textual occurrences of the compounds of Old English by means of a corpus analysis based on the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. The data of qualitative analysis have been retrieved from the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. The analysis shows that the nominal, adjectival and adverbial compounds of Old English can be recursive. Nominal compounding allows double recursivity, whereas adjectival and adverbial compounding do not. The conclusion is reached that both the type and token frequencies of recursive compounds are very low; and recursive compounds from the adjectival class are more exocentric as regards categorisation.

Section: Aims Scope and Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The types and categories of Old English recursive compounding

Urraca

2017

“…Along with the compilation of the initial inventory of lemmas of strong verbs and the design of a lemmatisation method, this article aims at maximising the automatic search for the inflectional forms of the verbs under analysis, with the corresponding minimisation of manual revision. With these aims, this article contributes to the research line in the linguistic analysis of Old English pursued, among others, by García García ), Martín Arista (2012a, 2012b, fc-a, fc-b), Mateo Mendaza (2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2016), Novo Urraca (2015, 2016a, 2016b) and Vea Escarza (2012, 2016. The relevance of the undertaking lies in the lack of a lemmatised corpus of Old English.…”

Section: Aims and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 (2017), 65-76 ==bead, ==budon, ==beode, ==bead, ==biedest, ==biedst, ==bietst, ==biest, ==bude, ==beodeð, ==beodeþ, ==biett, ==bietð, ==bietþ, ==bead, ==beodaþ, ==beodað, ==budon, ==beode, ==bude, ==beoden, ==buden, ==beod, ==beodað, ==beodaþ The target of the second query string is the prefixation with ge-, the most frequent prefix in Old English (Martín Arista, 2012b) to such an extent that most strong verbs have a simplex and a complex form prefixed with ge-. QS2 for gebēodan is shown in (4).…”

Section: The Search Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong verb lemmas from a corpus of old english. Advances and issues

Rodríguez

2017

Abstract:The aim of this article is to devise the method of lemmatisation of strong verbs from a corpus of Old English with a view to maximising the automatic search for the inflectional forms, with the corresponding minimisation of manual revision of the verbs under analysis. The search algorithm, which consists of query strings and filters, is launched on the lemmatiser Norna, a component of the lexical database of Old English Nerthus. The conclusions of the article insist on the limits of automatic lemmatisation as well as the paths of refinement of the lemmatisation method in order to accomodate less predictable forms.Keywords: lemmatisation, Old English, lexical database, morphology, orthography. LEMAS DE VERBOS FUERTES DESDE UN CORPUS DE INGLÉS ANTIGUO: AVANCES Y PROBLEMASResumen: el objetivo del presente artículo es idear un método de lematización de verbos fuertes de inglés antiguo, con el propósito de maximizar la búsqueda automática de formas flexivas, con la correspondiente reducción en la revisión manual de los verbos en estudio. El algoritmo de búsqueda consiste en cadenas de búsqueda y filtros, ejecutados en el lematizador Norna, un componente de la base de datos léxica de inglés antiguo Nerthus. Las conclusiones del artículo insisten en los límites de la lematización automática, así como en las posibilidades de refinamiento del método de lematización para acomodar las formas menos predecibles.Palabras clave: lematización, inglés antiguo, base de datos léxica, morfología, ortografía. AIMS AND SCOPEThis article deals with the morphology of Old English and, more specifically, with the lemmatisation of strong verbs based on the textual forms in the Dictionary of Old English Corpus (henceforth DOEC).1 It focuses on the analytical steps required by lemmatisation as well as on the implementation of such steps in the lemmatiser Norna, an integral part of the lexical database of Old English Nerthus (www.nerthusproject.com). Along with the compilation of the initial inventory of lemmas of strong verbs and the design of a lemmatisation method, this article aims at maximising the automatic search for the inflectional forms of the verbs under analysis, with the corresponding minimisation of manual revision. With these aims, this article contributes to the research line in the linguistic analysis of Old English pursued, among others, by García García ), Martín Arista (2012a, 2012b, fc-a, fc-b), Mateo Mendaza (2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2016), Novo Urraca (2015, 2016a, 2016b) and Vea Escarza (2012, 2016. The relevance of the undertaking lies in the lack of a lemmatised corpus of Old English. The corpus of reference in the field of Old English studies, the DOEC, is annotated at text level (edition, author, prose/poetry/gloss) but dos not offer word tagging, neither by attested form nor by lemma. Other remarkable corpora, like the The York-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Poetry 1 This research has been funded through the project FFI2014-59110 (MINECO), which is gratefully acknowledged.

“…While the study of the derivational morphology of Old English has been focused on the typological changes relating to the rise of word-formation from stem-formation (Kastovsky 2006) and the growing importance of analytic tendencies (Haselow 2011), Martín Arista (2008, 2009, 2010a, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2012a, 2012b, 2013 has put forward a model of derivational morphology based on the structural-functional theory of language called Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997;Van Valin 2005) and applied it to Old English. Among other results of this research programme, the lexical derivation of Old English has been described in terms of variation, so that different lexical layers comprising various word-formation processes coexist and interact (Martín Arista 2011b).…”

Section: Introduction the Derivational Map Of Old Englishmentioning

confidence: 99%

The derivational map of Old English and the limits of gradual derivation

Palacios

2013

This journal article deals with Old English word-formation as represented by a derivational map. In a derivational map, lexical derivation applies gradually, so that a process only occurs at a time and affixes are attached one by one. This theoretical and methodological stance holds good for most derivations but there is also evidence of non-gradual formations with the prefixes ǣ-, ge-, or-, twi-, ðri-, and un-. After discussing the relevant derivatives with each of the aforementioned affixes, the conclusions are reached that non-gradual formations arise in frequent word-formation patterns; they constitute, with few exceptions, an adjectival phenomenon; and they are mainly associated with secondary derivational functions. Regarding the derivational map of Old English, the conclusion is drawn that non-gradual formations have to be represented by means of reconstructed forms so that each node represents one lexeme and each edge marks one morphological process.Key words: Derivational map, Old English, gradual derivation, graph theory. IntRoductIon. the deRIvAtIonAL mAp of oLd engLIshWhile the study of the derivational morphology of Old English has been focused on the typological changes relating to the rise of word-formation from stem-formation (Kastovsky 2006) and the growing importance of analytic tendencies (Haselow 2011), Martín Arista (2008, 2009, 2010a, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2012a, 2012b, 2013 has put forward a model of derivational morphology based on the structural-functional theory of language called Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin and LaPolla 1997;Van Valin 2005) and applied it to Old English. Among other results of this research programme, the lexical derivation of Old English has been described in terms of variation, so that different lexical layers comprising various word-formation processes coexist and interact (Martín Arista 2011b). An exhaustive description has also been proposed of the derivational processes of zero derivation, affixation and compounding of Old English that relies on the information provided by the lexical database of Old English Nerthus (www.nerthusproject.com), which is in turn based on the data provided by the dictionaries of Bosworth-Toller, Clark Hall and Sweet. The lexical database Nerthus offers not only an extensive description of the lexicon but also a principled explanation for this linguistic component based on hierarchy (prime vs. non-prime) and inheritance (exponent of paradigm vs. non-exponent of paradigm). For instance, in the derivational paradigm of the strong verb (class IIIb) ābelgan 'to make angry', this verb is the lexical prime, to which all the members (non-primes) of the lexical paradigm are directly or indirectly related, both for semantic and morphological reasons. That is, a relationship of semantic and morphological inheritance holds between the verb ābelgan on the one hand and the nouns ābylg 'anger', ābylgnes 'offence' and ābylgð 'anger', on the other. Moreover, the noun ābylg is the base of derivation of the suffixed nouns ābylgnes and ...