The Old Order Changes

Barclay, Andrew

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-22-258-300

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Initially he did not have a hospital appointment; it was, he said, ‘a venture of faith’. 13 Ernest Rutherford (1871–1929), Professor of Physics at the Victoria University of Manchester, was studying the different rays emitted from compounds, including radium and uranium.…”

Section: Dr Alfred E Barclay (1876–1949)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 However, the response was so great that instead of being held in the new premises it took place in Central Hall, Westminster. 13 In 1931 Barclay was elected President of the British Institute of Radiology and delivered the Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture. 27 In early 1949 the Institute invited him to deliver the Mackenzie Davidson Memorial Lecture but ill health prevented him.…”

Section: Career Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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William Roentgen's (1845–1923) influence: contrasts and comparisons

Shreeve¹

2010

J Med Biogr

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William Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895 influenced two students from Manchester who first met in 1899. They developed an interest in radiology of the gastrointestinal tract through which they maintained a long association. Sir Arthur Hurst, after qualifying in Oxford in 1904, became a renowned physician at Guy's Hospital, London, and founder of what was to become the British Society of Gastroenterology. Dr Alfred Barclay qualified in Cambridge in 1904 and subsequently became the first Consultant Radiologist in Manchester and doyen of gastrointestinal radiology. He moved to Cambridge in 1928 to sustain the DMRE course. In 1937 he was invited to join the Nuffield Institute of Medical Research in Oxford at an age when many would have considered retiring. In 1939 Hurst also returned to Oxford where he taught at the medical school and consulted at the Radcliffe Infirmary, bringing his path and Barclay's together once more.

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Section: Dr Alfred E Barclay (1876–1949)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Career Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

William Roentgen's (1845–1923) influence: contrasts and comparisons

Shreeve¹

2010

J Med Biogr

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“…Indeed, even if the operator got lucky enough to produce a clear image, there was neither a body of anatomical knowledge that would confer a precise meaning upon the image, nor a medical language by which such meaning could be communicated (Pasveer, 1989;Lerner, 1992). Thus, the majority of medical practitioners considered the new invention as 'more an interesting toy than a weapon of value in medicine', and preferred to stick to their time-tested methods of manually probing the injury in order to diagnose the position of the bones (Barclay, 1949). 'It may not be unreasonable to hope for much more important results in the near or remote future', commented early in 1896 the influential Journal of the American Medical Association.…”

Section: Enter the Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of the Silent Witness

Golan¹

2004

Soc Stud Sci

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The late 19th-century discovery of X-rays befuddled not only the scientific world but also the medical and legal worlds. The possibility of looking into the human body as if through an open window challenged the time-honored medical monopoly over the inner cavities of the human body. Likewise, the possibility of visualizing objects unavailable to the naked eye challenged the established legal theories and practices of illustration and proof. This paper describes the reactions to those challenges by the medical and the legal professions in the USA. The two professions are treated as connected social institutions, producing ongoing negotiations through which legal doctrines affect medicine no less than scientific discoveries and medical applications affect the law. This joint analysis rewards us with a rich story about an early and overlooked chapter in X-ray history on the professionalization of radiology, the origins of defensive medicine, and the evolution of the legal theory and practice of visual evidence.

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Knowledge of shadows: the introduction of X‐ray images in medicine

Pasveer

1989

Sociology Health & Illness

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Ever since the discovery of X-rays in 1895, X-ray imaging has played a large role in the cognitive and practical organization of medicine. This article analyses the way X-ray images were introduced and made sense of in medical thinking and acting around the turn of the century. The implicit assumption in many histories of radiology is that the specific (diagnostic) message of the X-ray images resided inside them from the beginning, and that it is obscured either by technological or epistemological problems. These being solved, it would then be no problem to see directly what information the image contains. In this article this assumption is contested. It is argued that the specific content of the images was shaped by the activities of X-ray workers within the context of medical developments of the time. This shaping, as it is historically reconstructed here, consisted of four methods. X-ray workers (be they physicians, technicians or scientists) experimented with the technology, the images, the photographic materials and the objects that were X-rayed. They used X-ray images of dead bodies to compare them with radiographs of living patients. Radiologists tried to'translate'diagnostic information acquired with other methods into the shadows of the X-ray images. And finally they compared images with images. The process of shaping the content and use of X-ray images, of making them represent reality, took place within specific institutions, and it took a different form in different countries, but also for different parts of the body. Developments of institutionalisation and professionalisation of radiology in England and the Netherlands are presented to provide a small part of the background of this shaping of knowledge of shadows.

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The Old Order Changes

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

William Roentgen's (1845–1923) influence: contrasts and comparisons

William Roentgen's (1845–1923) influence: contrasts and comparisons

The Emergence of the Silent Witness

Knowledge of shadows: the introduction of X‐ray images in medicine

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