The Older Smoker

Kleykamp, Bethea A.; Heishman, Stephen J.

doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1221

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We are grateful to Bethea Kleykamp for her interest in our study and for the highly relevant comments{ . We agree with her that the conclusion in the abstract of our article [2] did not fully reflect our main findings, namely that Tobacco Control Policies (TCP) were not found to influence smoking among individuals older than 65 years. However, in the main text we described carefully how the negative relation found between TCP and smoking was driven by the reduction in smoking among those aged between 50 and 65, and not among those older than 65.…”

Section: Retiring From Smoking: Reply To Kleykamp (2019)contrasting

confidence: 58%

Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences

Beard

Jackson

West

et al. 2019

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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inhibit quitting? Findings from the International Tobacco 114[1]for further evaluation of specific population-wide programmes and policies in order to identify policies that are potentially effective among elderly people. It may be particularly relevant in future European studies to evaluate how new supply-based policies, such as restriction in the sales of tobacco, display bans or plain packaging could help elderly people to retire from smoking.

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Section: Retiring From Smoking: Reply To Kleykamp (2019)contrasting

confidence: 58%

Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences

Beard

Jackson

West

et al. 2019

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…However, PPI did decrease with age in the abstinence session. Thus, while healthy adults may not consistently show reduced sensorimotor gating with increased age, there may be a group that does exhibit decreased attentional gating capacity, and they may smoke in part because abstinence reduces this capacity (Kleykamp and Heishman 2011). Older unsuccessful quitters may be the smokers who see the greatest decline in their cognitive abilities and automatic stimulus processing when they make a quit attempt, or they find cessation more difficult, as they face an age-related decline in cognitive capacities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of smoking on the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

et al. 2013

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Rationale Cigarette smokers smoke in part because nicotine helps regulate attention. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex is a measure of early attentional gating that is reduced in abstinent smokers and in groups with attention regulation difficulties. Attention difficulties are found in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives The aim of this study is to assess whether smoking and abstinence differentially affect the startle response and PPI in smokers with and without PTSD. Methods Startle response and PPI (prepulses at 60, 120, or 240 ms) were measured in smokers with (N=39) and without (N=61) PTSD, while smoking and again while abstinent. Results Participants with PTSD produced both larger magnitude and faster latency startle responses than controls. Across groups, PPI was greater when smoking than when abstinent. The PTSD and control group exhibited different patterns of PPI across prepulse intervals when smoking and when abstinent. Older age was associated with reduced PPI, but only when abstinent from smoking. Conclusions The effects of PTSD on startle magnitude and of smoking on PPI replicate earlier studies. The different pattern of PPI exhibited in PTSD and control groups across prepulse intervals, while smoking and abstinent suggests that previous research on smoking and PPI has been limited by not including longer prepulse intervals, and that nicotine may affect the time course as well as increasing the level of PPI. The reduced PPI among older participants during abstinence suggests that nicotine may play a role in maintaining attention in older smokers, which may motivate continued smoking in older individuals.

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“…Biochemically, older adults have been shown to clear nicotine significantly more slowly than younger adults [5]. While it seems likely that this may impact efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or other pharmacological cessation measures, this has yet to be demonstrated empirically [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Therapies in Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence

2015

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Nearly 12% of adults 65 years and over in Europe and 9% in the USA are current cigarette smokers. Numerous studies have demonstrated tangible benefits of smoking cessation, regardless of advanced age. However, it is unclear which pharmacotherapy strategies are most effective in the elderly population. To that end, the literature on smoking cessation in older adults was reviewed with the aim of identifying the safest and most effective cessation pharmacotherapies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all articles pertaining to elderly smoking cessation strategies. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. Studies were included without regard to population or intervention, as long as results were analyzed with a group of smokers aged 60 years and above and at least one arm of the study involved a pharmacotherapy. Only 12 studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. The limited existing literature does not allow for a definitive answer to the most effective pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in older adult smokers. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the pharmacotherapy most studied in older adults, and the limited evidence that exists suggests that NRT is effective for smoking cessation among this population. Higher-quality studies that directly compare cessation strategies, including bupropion and varenicline, are needed in the older population in order to guide treatment decision making.

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The Older Smoker

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences

Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences

Effects of smoking on the acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Therapies in Older Adults: A Review of the Evidence

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