The OM-85 Bacterial Lysate Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Epithelial Cells by Downregulating SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Expression

Pivniouk, Vadim; Pivniouk, Oksana; DeVries, Avery; Uhrlaub, Jennifer L.; Michael, Ashley N.; Pivniouk, Denis; VanLinden, Sydney R.; Conway, M.; Hahn, Seongmin; Malone, Sean P.; Ezeh, Peace C.; Churko, Jared M.; Anderson, David S.; Kraft, Maria; Nikolich‐Žugich, Janko; Vercelli, Donata

doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3618

Cited by 3 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The median reduction in viral RNA was 9.2 fold and this finding appears to be strongly related to the downregulation of ACE2 expression mediated by Lantigen B in target cells. Notably, this 10-fold reduction of virus yield, evaluated by rt-PCR is similar to the results observed by Vercelli and co-workers using the reduction of the number of plaque forming units [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In a recent interesting article [9], the authors showed that a bacterial lysate developed decades ago (OM-85) has the capability of reducing the expression of ACE2 both in cell lines and in primary cells from human airways. This finding suggests that the administration of OM-85, which would reduce the expression of ACE2, could to some extent inhibit respiratory tract target cell infection, acting as a prophylactic treatment to be used in association with vaccines and other future therapies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent article [10], D. Vercelli and co-workers have shown that a bacterial lysate developed decades ago, OM-85, has the ability to reduce the expression of ACE2, both in cell lines and primary cells of human airways. On these bases, the authors suggest that the administration of OM-85, which reduces ACE2 expression, could to some extent inhibit respiratory tract target cell infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in oropharyngeal cells and is modulated in vitro by the bacterial lysate Lantigen B

Pizzimenti

D’Agostino

Pirrello

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundVercelli and coworkers recently observed that a well-established bacterial lysate (OM-85, Vifor Pharma; CH) was able to downregulate the expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) on epithelial cells. This downregulation was also associated with a reduced infectivity of cells, resulting in a reduced viral titre. We evaluated whether another bacterial lysate (Lantigen B, Bruschettini Ltd; Italy) may have similar activities.However, while OM-85 is given per os and has a systemic effect after absorption at the gut level, Lantigen B is given locoregionally. Thus, the concentration that the bacterial lysate can reach at the mucosal level seems to be promising.MethodsOropharyngeal cells were collected from healthy donors. After 24 hours of treatment in vitro with doses of Lantigen B comparable to those that are reached in vivo, the expression of ACE2 was evaluated by direct fluorescence and flow cytometry.ResultsA reduction in the number of ACE2-positive cells was observed in 80% of treated samples. Only a few donors had poor expression of ACE2, and in these donors, the downregulation was less evident or absent.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Lantigen B, at pharmacological doses, could be an interesting drug to reduce ACE2 expression on oropharyngeal cells, thus contributing to the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in oropharyngeal cells and is modulated in vitro by the bacterial lysate Lantigen B

Pizzimenti

D’Agostino

Pirrello

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The study design was approved by the local ethical committee under the protocol CAAE nº 30754220. These data are in line with the previously seen effect of OM-85 pre-treatment on SARS-CoV-2 infection (8). Interestingly, expression of viral N1 gene was significantly reduced in cells treated with OM-85 compared to untreated control (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…OM-85 can be effective in preventing severe coronavirus infection in mice when administered through the oral route [7]. Additionally, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE-2 is downregulated in the lungs of mice treated intranasally with OM-85 [8]. The concept that OM-85 directly administrated into the airways modulates immune response has been previously explored to prevent asthma and respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice [9, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OM-85 reduces SARS-COV-2 viral RNA expression in nasopharyngeal cells from COVID-19 patients

Cassão

Antunes

Gonçalves

et al. 2022

Preprint

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OM-85 is a bacterial lysate from common respiratory tract pathogens, with an excellent safety profile, widely used to prevent recurrent respiratory tract infections. Several studies have been reporting the antiviral roles of OM-85. Here we demonstrated the effect of ex-vivo OM-85 expo-sure in nasopharyngeal cells collected from COVID-19 patients. OM-85 decreased the SARS-CoV-2 N1 gene expression and increased RIG-I (DDX58) gene expression in these cells. These data support the antiviral effect of OM-85 against SARS-CoV-2.

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The OM-85 bacterial lysate: A new tool against SARS-CoV-2?

Pivniouk

Vercelli

2023

Multidis Res Med

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, caused the global Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because SARS-CoV-2 mutates rapidly, vaccines that induce immune responses against viral components critical for target cell infection strongly mitigate but do not abrogate viral spread, and disease rates remain high world-wide. Complementary treatments are therefore needed to reduce the frequency and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. OM-85, a standardized lysate of 21 bacterial strains often found in the human airways, has immuno-modulatory properties and is widely used empirically in Europe, South America and Asia for the prophylaxis of recurrent upper airway infections in adults and children, with excellent safety profiles. In vitro studies from our laboratory recently demonstrated that OM-85 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 epithelial cell infection by downregulating SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression, raising the possibility that this bacterial extract might eventually complement the current COVID-19 therapeutic toolkit. Here we discuss how our results and those from other groups are fostering progress in this emerging field of research.

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The OM-85 Bacterial Lysate Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Epithelial Cells by Downregulating SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Expression

Cited by 3 publications

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The SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in oropharyngeal cells and is modulated in vitro by the bacterial lysate Lantigen B

The SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 is expressed in oropharyngeal cells and is modulated in vitro by the bacterial lysate Lantigen B

OM-85 reduces SARS-COV-2 viral RNA expression in nasopharyngeal cells from COVID-19 patients

The OM-85 bacterial lysate: A new tool against SARS-CoV-2?

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