The oncologic impact of hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal breast cancer survivors: A systematic review

Wang, Yimeng; Lewin, Naomi; Qaoud, Yazan; Rajaee, Arezoo; Scheer, Adena

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2018.05.002

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore the pathological mechanism of BC and find new diagnosis and treatment targets. 15,16 In recent years, PRMT5 has attracted more and more attention for its role in cancer, and there is evidence indicating that PRMT5 can silence tumor suppressor genes and act as an oncogene based on epigenetics, thus accelerating tumor growth and metastasis. 17 For example, PRMT5 can specifically catalyze symmetric dimethylation of histone H4R3 in the promoter region of miR-99 family member to promote the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>PRMT5 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the LXRα/NF-κBp65 Pathway</p>

Han¹,

Wei²,

Wu³

2020

OTT

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Objective: To explore the effects of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) on the biological function of breast cancer cells (BCCs) by regulating the liver X receptor α (LXRα)/NF-κBp65 pathway. Methods: A total of 80 patients with breast cancer (BC) admitted to our hospital were collected, and 80 breast cancer tissue specimens and 80 corresponding tumor-adjacent tissue specimens were sampled from them for analysis. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of PRMT5 mRNA in the sampled tissues, and the Western blot to determine the expression of LXRα and NF-κBp65 proteins in the tissues and cells. The patients were followed up to analyze their 3-year survival rate. Stable and transient overexpression vectors and inhibition vectors were constructed and transfected into BCCs. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwell, and flow cytometry were adopted to analyze the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected cells, on which the effects of PRMT5 on LXRα and NF-κBp65 proteins were analyzed. Results: PRMT5 was highly expressed in BC patients, and LXRα was lowly expressed in them, which had a high diagnostic value. Patients with high expression of PRMT5 showed a poor prognosis, and the expression of PRMT5 was related to the tumor size, pathological stage, differentiation, and metastatic in BC patients. Overexpressed PRMT5 enhanced the cell proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis abilities, weakened apoptosis ability, further lowered expression of LXRα and increased expression of NF-κBp65, while inhibited PRMT5 caused opposite results in those aspects. Up-regulating the expression of LXRα suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis of BCCs and promoted their apoptosis, while inhibiting it posed opposite effects. The rescue experiment revealed that down-regulating the expression of PRMT5 could counteract the promotion of downregulation of LXRα on proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of BCCs, and the nude mouse tumorigenesis test revealed that PRMT5 induced tumor on nude mice by mediating LXRα/NF-κBp65. Conclusion: Inhibition of the PRMT5 expression can accelerate apoptosis of BCCs and weaken their proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis through the LXRα/NF-κBp65 pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>PRMT5 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the LXRα/NF-κBp65 Pathway</p>

Han¹,

Wei²,

Wu³

2020

OTT

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“…In addition, mortality was reported to be reduced in breast cancer survivors who used hormone therapy relative to those who did not 282,284 . Four meta-analyses reported similar findings 281,284-286 . A confounding factor in all of these observational studies is that women at low risk of breast cancer recurrence are more likely to elect hormone therapy use than women at high risk.…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 97%

The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society

2022

Menopause

337

219

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and identifies future research needs. An Advisory Panel of clinicians and researchers expert in the field of women's health and menopause was recruited by NAMS to review the 2017 Position Statement, evaluate new literature, assess the evidence, and reach consensus on recommendations, using the level of evidence to identify the strength of recommendations and the quality of the evidence. The Advisory Panel's recommendations were reviewed and approved by the NAMS Board of Trustees.Hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause and has been shown to prevent bone loss and fracture. The risks of hormone therapy differ depending on type, dose, duration of use, route of administration, timing of initiation, and whether a progestogen is used. Treatment should be individualized using the best available evidence to maximize benefits and minimize risks, with periodic reevaluation of the benefits and risks of continuing therapy.For women aged younger than 60 years or who are within 10 years of menopause onset and have no contraindications, the benefit-risk ratio is favorable for treatment of bothersome VMS and prevention of bone loss. For women who initiate hormone therapy more than 10 years from menopause onset or who are aged older than 60 years, the benefit-risk ratio appears less favorable because of the greater absolute risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, venous thromboembolism, and dementia. Longer durations of therapy should be for documented indications such as persistent VMS, with shared decision-making and periodic reevaluation. For bothersome genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms not relieved with over-the-counter therapies in women without indications for use of systemic hormone therapy, low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy or other therapies (eg, vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone or oral ospemifene) are recommended.

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“…Testosterone treatment in male and female cancer patients has positive effects on skeletal muscle function and health (124) (NIH#:NCT00878995), but may exacerbate comorbidities (119, 125). Similarly, the positive effects of estrogen-related therapy (18, 126) have the potential to be offset by adverse consequences (127, 128) and risk of cancer recurrence (129, 130). Therefore, hormone therapy alternatives have generated interest and ongoing study.…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding sex differences in the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting

Montalvo

Counts

Carson

2018

Current Opinion in Supportive &Amp; Palliative Care

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The oncologic impact of hormone replacement therapy in premenopausal breast cancer survivors: A systematic review

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

<p>PRMT5 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the LXRα/NF-κBp65 Pathway</p>

<p>PRMT5 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the LXRα/NF-κBp65 Pathway</p>

The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society

Understanding sex differences in the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting

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