The Onset of Neurotrophin and trk mRNA Expression in Early Embryonic Tissues of the Quail

Mitogenic and anti‐proliferative signals for neural crest cells and the neurogenic action of TGF‐β1

“…TGF-b is a member of another ubiquitous family of growth factors that has diverse effects on cell proliferation and differentiation in many cell types, and can modulate that action of other growth factors. Low and high affinity neurotrophin receptors, as well as some neurotrophins, are expressed by migrating neural crest cells and their neuronal derivatives in vivo and in culture (Bernd, 1985(Bernd, , 1986Zhang et al, 1994;Yao et al, 1994). TGF-b is not only expressed intensely in the neuroepithelium and surrounding tissues (Sporn and Roberts;Mahmood et al, 1992), but can also be synthesized by neural crest cells themselves (Brauer and Yee, 1993).…”

Expression of neurotrophin trk and p75 receptors in quail embryos undergoing gastrulation and neurulation

“…In situ hybridization and reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been used to detect mRNA for the NT-3 receptor, trhC, in association with neural crest cells and the early neural tube in the chick, quail and mouse Averbuch-Heller et al, 1994;Kahane and Kalcheim, 1994;Yao et al, 1994). Using RT-PCR, the avian neural crest and early neural tube have also been shown to exhibit mRNA for the NGF receptor, trkA, and the BDNF and NT-4/5 receptor, trkB .…”

Retinoic acid ortho-hydroxy aniline amide promotes neurotrophin mediated cell growth and proliferation in nerve cells

“…NTs regulate the survival and/or maturation neurons (Snider, 1994;Davies, 1994;Birling and Price, 1995;Henderson, 1996) which is consistent with higher abundance of brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF), NT-3, and their receptors, TrkB and TrkC in the developing cortex (Klein, 1994) and neural tube (Yao et al, 1994). Given the imperative role of RA and BDNF in proper…”