2015
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1957-2
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The ontogeny of antipredator behavior: age differences in California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) at multiple stages of rattlesnake encounters

Abstract: Newborn offspring of animals often exhibit fully functional innate antipredator behaviors, but they may also require learning or further development to acquire appropriate responses. Experience allows offspring to modify responses to specific threats and also leaves them vulnerable during the learning period. However, antipredator behaviors used at one stage of a predator encounter may compensate for deficiencies at another stage, a phenomenon that may reduce the overall risk of young that are vulnerable at on… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(18 citation statements)
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References 68 publications
(101 reference statements)
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“…In addition to predicting prey fitness, this metric can be applied to quantitatively assess a variety of important motion behaviors. Measuring the entropy of movements through time can reveal how motor control is learned ontogenetically or evolutionarily 54 , 55 . Just as the complexity of a bird song is an important signal to female songbirds, the complexity of behavioral mating displays can now be tested for its effect on fitness 56 , 57 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to predicting prey fitness, this metric can be applied to quantitatively assess a variety of important motion behaviors. Measuring the entropy of movements through time can reveal how motor control is learned ontogenetically or evolutionarily 54 , 55 . Just as the complexity of a bird song is an important signal to female songbirds, the complexity of behavioral mating displays can now be tested for its effect on fitness 56 , 57 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet, it is important to note that adult-like threat responses are delayed in many species until they are ecologically relevant when the animal emerges from the nest or borrow (Pongrácz & Altbäcker, 2000; Putman et al, 2015). However, this does not mean that the very young animal has no defensive responses, rather it means that the adult system has not emerged.…”
Section: Sensitive Period Neurobiology Of Pain Related/abusive Attachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Where they coexist, O. beecheyi can comprise the majority of the diet of this rattlesnake, and rattlesnakes are the main squirrel predator [22]. Diverse anti-snake behaviours of the ground squirrels [23][24][25] and behavioural responses by rattlesnakes [26] suggest reciprocity in matched behavioural adaptations of prey and predator. At the molecular level, ground squirrels show counter-adaptations against envenomation through serum-based resistance to the activity of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP), major constituents of pitviper venom that break down connective tissue and facilitate the penetration of other venom components to target tissues [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%