The ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy: kindling a spontaneous seizure disorder in kittens

Shouse, Margaret N.; King, Alison; Langer, James; Vreeken, Tanya; King, Ken; Richkind, Melvyn

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90867-b

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…After kindling, all kittens developed spontaneous epilepsy, defined as EEG and clinical seizure events occurring 3 1 h after a stimulus-evoked seizure (26)(27)(28). The stimulus-evoked seizures combined with the short-latency postinfusion times interfered with evaluation of spontaneous seizures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrodes were implanted for amygdala kindling and into the pons in the vicinity of the LC for EEG recording. Stereotaxic coordinates were extrapolated from brain atlases for kittens <35 days old (24) as compared to adolescent and adult cats with an average weight of 3.0 kg (25), as described previously (26)(27)(28). Implants for kindling included bilateral tripolar strut electrodes aimed at the juncture of the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala (A10-1 l,L9.5-10,H-4 to H-5), where noradrenergic terminals predominate (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stainless-steel wires were inserted in the nuchal musculature to record the electromyogram (EMG). Depth EEG recording electrodes were bilateral, tripolar leads in the lateral geniculate nucleus (AS,LlO,H + 3) and the entorhinal cortex (A13, After a 1-to 2-week postoperative recovery, kittens were electrically kindled with a combination of our published paradigms (26,27,29). We established afterdischarge (AD) thresholds by a modification of a procedure first described by Wada and Sat0 (30).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

et al. 1996

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

et al. 1996

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“…We chose kindled kittens because they tend to develop spontaneous seizures that persist to adulthood (age 3 1 year), whereas cats kindled as adults rarely do (Shouse et al, 1990a(Shouse et al, ,b, 1992(Shouse et al, , 1994. Because various postkindling anomalies in kittens persist to adulthood, findings should be relevant to various age groups.…”

Section: Subject Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paroxysmal Microarousals in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: Could They Be Subclinical Seizures?

et al. 1995

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Amygdala-kindled kittens exhibit frequent epileptiform EEG transients, often in conjunction with phasic arousal events of sleep [k-complexes, pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, and/or sleep spindles]. In this study, paroxysmal microarousals occurred throughout the sleep-wake cycle after kindling, but were most frequent during seizure-prone states of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and the transition into rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM). Their incidence correlated with interictal sleep fragmentation as well as onset of spontaneous convulsions. Results could reflect transsynaptic kindling effects on brainstem and forebrain arousal mechanisms with which amygdala is reciprocally connected. Increased discharge rates of neural generators for normal EEG and behavioral arousal could disrupt sleep at some times and recruit epileptic neurons in the kindled focus to precipitate seizures at others. Alternatively, epileptiform EEG paroxysms were accompanied by subtle behavioral stereotypes (a head nod, limb elevation, eye twitch, lip smack, or a combination of these). Behavioral correlates were elements of partial kindled seizures, suggesting that paroxysmal microarousals may be subclinical seizures. Whether or not the microarousals are true seizures, our findings may link ictal onset and interictal sleep disorders to a subclinical paroxysmal arousal disorder and suggest a common epileptic mechanism.

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“…Electrodes were implanted for basolateral amygdala kindling and sleep-waking state evaluation. Stereotaxic coordinates were extrapolated from brain atlases for kittens aged <35 days (Rose and Goodfellow, 1973) as compared with adolescent and adult cats with an average weight of 3.0 kg (Snider and Niemer, 1961), as described previously (Shouse et al, 1990a).…”

Section: Stereotaxic Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Feline Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. III: Spontaneous Sleep and Arousal Disorders in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens

et al. 1994

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We report the ontogeny and persistence of sleep and arousal disorders in amygdala-kindled kittens. We also identify procedural differences that may explain discrepancies in the literature on postkindling sleep disorders. The study population consisted of 12 preadolescent kittens kindled between 2.5 and 6.5 months of age, 8 of which were followed to adulthood (> or = 1 year), and 8 unkindled implanted control animals. Sleep and seizure patterns were monitored on 12-24-h polygraphic or split-screen video recordings of EEG and behavioral activity. Kindled kittens displayed spontaneous seizure and interictal sleep anomalies that persisted to adulthood, as follows. As compared with neurosurgical controls, kindled kittens exhibited slow-wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep insomnia at least 1 year after kindling and 1-5 months after convulsions, regardless of postictal recording delay. Sleep and arousal defects in kindled kittens were similar to but more pronounced than those in kindled adult cats, possibly because kittens spontaneously became epileptic. Detection of postkindling SWS insomnia could be masked by brief scoring epochs (less than the preferred 1-min epoch for cats); recurrent behavioral arousals after kindling frequently aborted 1-min SWS epochs but often did not interrupt 30-s SWS epochs (based on 1-min vs. 30-s minimum duration scoring criteria). Detection of postkindling REM sleep insomnia could be masked in kittens with alternating patterns of REM loss and REM rebound; all these kittens showed periodic bouts of REM onset from waking after kindling. Different data collection and analysis procedures influence detection of sleep and arousal disorders in amygdala-kindled cats when replication of findings is attempted. We conclude that these differences explain some controversies regarding the nature and prevalence of sleep disturbances in the kindling literature in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

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The ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy: kindling a spontaneous seizure disorder in kittens

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

Paroxysmal Microarousals in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: Could They Be Subclinical Seizures?

Ontogeny of Feline Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. III: Spontaneous Sleep and Arousal Disorders in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens

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The ontogeny of feline temporal lobe epilepsy: kindling a spontaneous seizure disorder in kittens

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

The α2‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α2‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

The α2‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α2‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

Paroxysmal Microarousals in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: Could They Be Subclinical Seizures?

Ontogeny of Feline Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. III: Spontaneous Sleep and Arousal Disorders in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens

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Product

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The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects

The α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Agonist Clonidine Suppresses Seizures, Whereas the α₂‐Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Idazoxan Promotes Seizures in Amygdala‐Kindled Kittens: A Comparison of Amygdala and Pontine Microinfusion Effects