The Ontogeny of the Sclerotia of Pyronema Domesticum

Moore, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1962.12025004

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…seems more common. The latter forms sclerotia in culture on rich media (Moore, 1962), and the development of its apothecia has been described (Moore, 1963). Many of the developmental and cytological studies of "Pyronema confluens" may have been conducted with either of the species now recognized.…”

Section: Pulvinulamentioning

confidence: 98%

Synoptic Key to the Genera of the Pezizales

Korf

1972

Mycologia

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Section: Pulvinulamentioning

confidence: 98%

Synoptic Key to the Genera of the Pezizales

Korf

1972

Mycologia

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“…Several initials coalesce to form a compact sclerotium. Examples of fungi whose sclerotia develop in this way are Botrytis cinereu, B. ullii, Sclerotium cepivorum (Townsend & Willetts, 1954), Pyronemu domesticum (Moore, 1962), Sclerotiniu fructicolu (Willetts, 1968 b), S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum (Willetts & Wong, 1971).…”

Section: Types Of Development Of Sclerotiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphogenesis and Possible Evolutionary Origins of Fungal Sclerotia

Willetts

1972

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Fungal sclerotia are able to survive adverse conditions for long periods and they are formed by many important plant pathogens. An understanding of the factors involved in their initiation and development may lead to a method of repressing their formation in nature, thereby reducing the chances of survival of fungi that depend on them as persistent resting stages in their life‐cycles. Also, data on sclerotial morphogenesis may be applicable to other multihyphal fungal structures. 2. There are three types of sclerotial development. The most primitive and least common is the loose type, which is illustrated by Rhizoctonia solani. The sclerotium forms by irregular branching of the mycelium followed by intercalary septation and hyphal swelling. When mature, it consists of loosely interwoven hyphae that are rich in food reserves and darkly pigmented. The main types of development are terminal and lateral. The former develops from the coalescence of initials that are produced by a well‐defined pattern of branching at the tip of a hypha or tips of closely associated hyphae, e.g. Botrytis cinerea. Lateral sclerotia are formed by the interweaving of side branches of one or several main hyphae. When only one main hypha is involved the sclerotium is of the lateral, simple type, e.g. Sclerotinia gladioli. If several main hyphae give rise to a sclerotium, the term strand type has been used. Sclerotium rolfsii is the classical example. 3. There is a considerable literature on the effects of environmental conditions on the initiation, development and maturation of sclerotia but few attempts have been made to interpret the data. Phenolics and/or polyphenol oxidases have been found to be connected with morphogenesis of the protoperithecium of Neurospora crassa, the perithecium of Podospora anserina and of Hypomyces sp. and the basidiocarp of Schixophyllum commune. A close correlation has been shown between melanin synthesis and microsclerotial development by Verticillium but there appears to be no literature on the role of phenolics and polyphenol oxidases in the morphogenesis of sclerotia. Possibly these substances may inhibit growth of the apices of main hyphae by changing the permeability of the membrane, by inducing a thickening of the cell wall at the tip or by reducing the plasticity of the wall. Such a check in growth could trigger‐off the formation of initials close to the margin of the colony or elsewhere in the culture. Sulphydryl groups and disulphide bonds are of great significance in morphogenesis of organisms and are probably involved in sclerotial initiation. The formation of a large number of hyphal branches is a prerequisite for sclerotial initiation and mycelial branching is possible only if there is plasticity of hyphal walls. The ability of the wall to be moulded is possibly related to changes in the sulphur linkages of the protein of the protein‐carbohydrate complexes of the cell wall and could be influenced by sulphur availability or the activity of specific enzymes. 4. After a sclerotial primordi...

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“…domesticum form sclerotia abundantly and routinely on enriched medium in the dark (Moore 1962;Moore and Korf 1963), and apothecia on weak medium if exposed to the light (Moore 1963). More recently, it has been found that sclerotia will form on a weak medium in 0008 darkness or with minimal exposure to light (MooreLandecker 1979a(MooreLandecker , 1979b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Histochemical observations on apothecia, permanently vegetative hyphae, and sclerotia of Pyronema domesticum with special reference to light

Moore-Landecker¹

1981

Can. J. Bot.

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The Discomycete, Pyronema domesticum (Sow. ex Gray) Saccardo was cultured on an inorganic salts medium, as well as on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and exposed to different light regimens. Permanently vegetative hyphae were obtained on PDA cultures illuminated with cycles of 12 h light: 12 h darkness, while abnormal confluent padlike apothecia were formed on PDA in constant light and sclerotia were formed in PDA cultures that were incubated in the dark. Apothecia were formed on the inorganic salts medium and exposed to different light regimens that favored either overall apothecial development or primarily favored development of the ascogenous or sterile system. Histochemical tests were conducted on permanently vegetative hyphae, sclerotia, and apothecia to localize glycogen, carbohydrates, mucilage, protein, DNA, RNA, lipids, and carotenes. Exposure to light stimulated synthesis of DNA, lipid, glycogen, and other carbohydrates. Favorable development of morphologically normal ascogenous hyphae and asci was positively correlated with moderate to high levels of DNA, RNA, protein, and PAS-positive substances (excluding glycogen). Conversely, favorable development of the morphologically normal sterile system was not positively correlated with higher levels of any components, but excessive accumulation of glycogen was associated with its unfavorable, limited development. Massive accumulations of protein, phospholipids, DNA, glycogen, mucilage, and other carbohydrates were observed in the nonsporulating asci in cultures maintained in the dark for 4 days before being exposed to constant light, or in the permanently vegetative hyphae.

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The Ontogeny of the Sclerotia of Pyronema Domesticum

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Synoptic Key to the Genera of the Pezizales

Synoptic Key to the Genera of the Pezizales

The Morphogenesis and Possible Evolutionary Origins of Fungal Sclerotia

Histochemical observations on apothecia, permanently vegetative hyphae, and sclerotia of Pyronema domesticum with special reference to light

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