The ontogeny of the verification system

Akiyama, M. Michael; Guillory, Andrea W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(83)90222-0

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…General issues to be dealt with include (a) the form of representations involved in verification and answering and (b) possible factors compatible with children's performance in verification and answering tasks. These issues are discussed in light of previous cross-linguistic findings (Akiyama, 1979(Akiyama, , 1984Akiyama & Guillory, 1983;Akiyama, Takei, & Saito, 1982;Choi, 1991;Kim, 1985;Kim, Shatz, & Akiyama, 1990) and findings on the acquisition of Japanese (Clancy, 1985;Noji, 1974Noji, , 1976Okubo, 1967). Although the framework was developed initially based on English and Japanese data, it is now extended using the typological classification of answering systems by Pope (1973).…”

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confidence: 83%

“…All of the data reported in the present article were collected in a similar way with the exception of those by Choi (1991). In most cases, the subjects were generally from a middle-class background, their ages were 3 through 7, and the number of boys and girls was equal in one study (Akiyama and Guillory, 1983) and roughly balanced in the others. The materials were sampled from sentences that children hear often in everyday life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-linguistic contrasts of verification and answering among children

Akiyama

1992

J Psycholinguist Res

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This review article examines how children verify a statement (e.g., You are a child. Right or wrong?) and answer a corresponding question (e.g., Are you a child? Yes or no?) in English, French, Japanese, and Korean. While people verify affirmative statements and answer affirmative questions similarly across the four languages, they answer negative questions differently across the four languages. In English, answering negative questions works in a way opposite to verification (e.g., Are you not a child? Yes; You are not a child. Wrong). In French, si is used in the place of the yes response in English. In Japanese and Korean, answering negative questions works in a way similar to verification (e.g., Are you not a child? No; You are not a child. Wrong). The effects of these linguistic characteristics are examined. Findings are: (1) All children across the four languages appear to start answering negative questions using the English system; (2) English-speaking children find verifying negative statements more difficult than answering the corresponding questions but Japanese-speaking children find it less difficult; and (3) while English-speaking and Korean-speaking children find true negative statements more difficult to verify than false negative statements, Japanese-speaking children find them less difficult. Language-universal and language-specific processes in verification and answering are discussed.

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confidence: 83%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-linguistic contrasts of verification and answering among children

Akiyama

1992

J Psycholinguist Res

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Given the fact that syntactic denial responses appear at age 2 in both language groups (Brown, 1973;McNeill, 1968) and verification responses appear relatively late (Akiyama, 1984;Akiyama & Guillory, 1983) it is unlikely that denial strategies directly affect verification. Although the present study has clearly shown that the cross-linguistic difference in denial corresponds to that in verification, the nature of the relationship remains unclear.…”

Section: Michael Akiyama 101mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of statement verification (Akiyama, 1984;Akiyama & Guillory, 1983;Akiyama, Takei, & Saito, 1982) is one area in which both universal and specific strategies are proposed based on clearly distinguishable patterns of development in statement verification. The study has shown contrasting patterns: young English-speaking children of ages 3-5 find it more difficult to verify true negative statements (e.g., You are not a baby.…”

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confidence: 99%