The Ontology of Impairment: Rethinking How We Define Disability

Riddle, Christopher A.

doi:10.1057/9781137371973_2

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Cette vision à la fois ontologique et empirique vise à compléter les explications culturalistes, qui situent les formes de discrimination et d'oppression dans les représentations sociales, dans l'ordre symbolique, dans le langage ou dans les formes de capital social 21 et en font des forces transcendantes à caractère immanent. D'une part, la prise en compte des affects du corps et de ses organes est nécessaire dans la réflexion du handicap dès lors que l'on considère celui-ci en dialogue ininterrompu avec son environnement (Kristiansen et al, 2008;Riddle, 2013b;Shakespeare, 2006aShakespeare, , 2013Shakespeare & Watson, 2001Vehmas & Makela, 2008). D'autre part, les affects des éléments hors du corps ne sont pas non plus à négliger, dans la mesure où ils structurent l'expérience du sujet en situation en tant qu'affordances (Gibson, 1986;Ingold, 1992Ingold, , 2000Ingold, , 2017cIngold, , 2017dIngold, , 2018a et vecteurs de flux qui organisent l'action et le déplacement (Adey, 2006;Cresswell, 2006;Imrie, 2000a;Jensen, 2011;Urry, 2016).…”

Section: Une Anthropologie Ontologique Du Handicapunclassified

“…Comme le soulignent Latour (Latour, 2012 : 149) et Ingold (Ingold, 2017a : 61) En continuité avec les préoccupations ontologiques en anthropologie, la démarche de la thèse se veut situationnelle et empirique. Qui plus est, elle souscrit épistémologiquement aux motivations des études sur le handicap, c'est-à-dire qu'elle s'inscrit elle aussi dans un effort d'amélioration de la vie des personnes ayant des incapacités (Riddle, 2013b;Shakespeare, 2006aShakespeare, , 2013Vehmas & Makela, 2008) (Deleuze, 1988 : 93) Chez les empiristes, le sujet n'est pas donné, mais il se « développe » et se constitue, il se « dépasse » (Deleuze, 1988 : 90), il se « réfléchit, […] s'invente, […], il se créé des normes » (Deleuze, 1988 : 91) : « le donné n'est plus donné à un sujet, le sujet se constitue dans le donné » (Deleuze, 1988 : 92). Suivant l'auteur, on doit s'intéresser aux conditions de production « du sujet » par les agencements plutôt qu'à sa conscience du monde ou à ses représentations.…”

Section: Le Plan éPistémologiqueunclassified

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L’expérience de déplacement des personnes ayant des incapacités dans la Ville de Québec : pour une anthropologie ontologique du handicap

Grenier

2022

Aequitas

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This dissertation offers an anthropological enquiry on the question of dwelling of people with disabilities in relation to their mobility habits in Quebec City in Canada. It empirically examines the singular ways people travel through various daily commutes and paths, and how their dwelling habits are produced through the physical and social configurations and encounters composing these mobility experiences.The thesis proposes an ontological perspective of disability as it explores the reality of mobility of people with different abilities within the city's assemblages from their own situated perspective. It addresses perceptual person-environment relationships as well as the practices and production modalities of "places" by which people shape their world.The thesis pays attention to the questions of being and becoming within multiple assemblages of heterogenous elements and how the constitutive experiences of people are tainted daily with situations of disability and of social participation. The objective of the fieldwork was to realistically reflect the perspective of the people as they performed their ordinary activities.The thesis focuses on two groups of people, namely wheelchairs users and people with a visual impairment who use a guide dog or a white cane. It is through their situated perspectives, rendered in the form of ontographies of their daily commutes, that dwelling in the city is understood. From an anthropological perspective coupled with a strong philosophical inclination, since it is about dwelling (Ingold, 2000), becomings and assemblages (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980), the thesis makes it possible to better understand the ways in which the individual existences of people with disabilities are constructed in environments that organize their possibilities by opening some and blocking others. By following people one by one, the thesis makes it possible to question the underlying conditions of inclusion, social participation, and the real exercise of rights in the city and to consider practices centered on the singular experiences of the world and their associated assemblages.

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Section: Une Anthropologie Ontologique Du Handicapunclassified

Section: Le Plan éPistémologiqueunclassified

L’expérience de déplacement des personnes ayant des incapacités dans la Ville de Québec : pour une anthropologie ontologique du handicap

Grenier

2022

Aequitas

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“…Instead of shame over bodily imperfections, anger aimed at society came to the fore: the society structuring their possibilities should change, not the people with disabilities. The anger coalesced into emancipatory efforts that aspired to achieve social, environmental, legal, and political transformation (Riddle, 2013).…”

Section: The Social Model and Inclusive Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Almost Equal”: Confronting Norms and Normality in Experiencing Visual Disability

Porkertová

2020

Critical Sociology

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This article examines the everyday experience of visually disabled people with norms and normality and confronts it with three approaches discussed in disability studies: (i) the medical model, (ii) the social model, and (iii) critical disability studies. The most available model to the people in the study, as well as the most widespread approach in Czech society, is the medical model. However, the text shows that although other approaches are rather marginal, their logic is present in the everyday experience of the communication partners in the research. They can espouse the rigid, medical model, while, at the same time, confronting the construction of norms that both the social model and critical disability studies defy. This finding reveals both the normative and subversive character of disability, manifested in visually impaired experience.

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“…The weakness in the social model argument is that "… the horse before the disability studies carriage is often politics, not science " (Vehmas, 2008: 21 Quoted in Riddle 2013:2028. Recent inclusive design (Boys, 2014) and interactional theory focuses upon removing the impairment from both the built environment and the body (Riddle, 2013). Interactional theory also expands the discourse to more complex socio-political contexts (not just disability) including feminist, racial, gender, ethnicity and sexual topics (Stainton, 2000); non-disabled concerns (Slack, 1999: 23) and challenges us to consider questions about sufficiency; and medical-socio-materialeconomic-political challenges (Slack, 1999).…”

Section: New Disability Discoursesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of Inclusive Transport Building Design Research

Harding

2020

Smart and Sustainable Cities and Buildings

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Inclusivity is a core commitment of the New Urban Agenda of UN Habitat (adopted in 2016). Moreover, the Rail Sustainable Development Principles call for railway developments that are customer-driven, putting rail in reach of people, providing an end-toend journey, being an employer of choice, reducing our environmental impact, carbon smart, supporting the economy, optimising the railway and being transparent (RSSB, 2016). However, research suggests there is still a long way to go before ''we live and work in an inclusive world" (Clarkson and Coleman, 2015). To consider these matters, this review searched for on-line library sources employing keywords including transport, inclusivity, circulation, severance, level of service, pedestrian movement within journal articles, conference papers, theses, books and government papers. The review commences with a review of older views and goes on to critically assess potential innovations in contemporary scholarly literature. Earlier research discusses general factors that influence station design include context, location, platform, train length, and depth of construction, geological, engineering, property constraints and passenger demand (Harding, 2011). This critical review considers the scholarly literature concerning inclusive design issues in transport buildings. It explores, (i) gaps in canonical pedestrian movement theory affecting inclusivity, particularly vertical severance (VS), (ii) the size, shape and selection of circulation elements affecting Level of Service (LOS), and (iii) key measures of crowdedness and inclusivity. Potential innovations include, (i) new 'designerly ways of knowing' about lack of inclusivity, and, (ii) the use of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) for gaining insights into the movements of diverse agents over time (as well as the evaluation of rival cases). Anticipated benefits include a strengthened 'transport chain', less VS, enhanced empathy, and improved user experience and safety. More research is needed in this field, particularly owing to the significant cost and time in developing urban railway projects. This review identifies key research questions that require further investigation. It argues that integrating LOS theory and design praxis will result in safer and more inclusive stations that contribute more to society. It is hoped that this review contributes to this slowly growing body of knowledge of inclusivity within the field of transport.

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The Ontology of Impairment: Rethinking How We Define Disability

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

L’expérience de déplacement des personnes ayant des incapacités dans la Ville de Québec : pour une anthropologie ontologique du handicap

L’expérience de déplacement des personnes ayant des incapacités dans la Ville de Québec : pour une anthropologie ontologique du handicap

“Almost Equal”: Confronting Norms and Normality in Experiencing Visual Disability

Fifty Years of Inclusive Transport Building Design Research

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