The Ontology of Mutualism

Still, Arthur; Good, James M. M.

doi:10.1207/s15326969eco1001_3

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Affordance is described as neither objective nor subjective, but both. Researchers usually agree on the relational nature of affordance, but differ on how to formalize it (Kadar & Effken, 1994;Kirlik, 2004;Sanders, 1997;Shaw & Turvey, 1981;Still & Good, 1998;Stoffregen, 2003Stoffregen, , 2004Turvey, 1992). The debate centers mainly on the question of whether the concept of affordance alone is sufficient for scientific analysis of an organism-environment functional relationship.…”

Section: In Search Of a Methodsology For Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To unpack the implicit symmetry, or duality, in the notion of affordance, Shaw and Turvey (1981) introduced the notion of effectivity. Several studies have been published in an effort to either clarify the notion of affordance or discuss whether the notion of effectivity is needed to complement affordance (Kadar & Effken, 1994;Kadar & Shaw, 2000;Sanders, 1997;Still & Good, 1998;Turvey, 1992). These studies have highlighted the complexity of the problem by covering philosophical as well as mathematical modeling strategies.…”

Section: In Search Of a Methodsology For Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This radical, dynamic view of perception may sound familiar to ecological psychologists. Indeed, some theorists have attempted to liken Husserl's view on perception to Gibson's (Natsoulas, 1989;Still & Good, 1998), whereas others have argued for a close link between Gibson and Merleau-Ponty, who himself was inspired by Husserl (Glotzbach & Heft, 1982;Heft, 1989;Sanders, 1997). Although the contention that Gibson respected Merleau-Ponty's (1945 theory of perception is valid, a close link between Husserl and Gibson would be hard to justify because of their different ontologies.…”

Section: A Phenomenological (Critical) Perspective On Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Science of the Future

Kádár¹,

Effken²

2006

Ecological Psychology

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The central goal of ecological psychology is to develop a theory of how humans cope successfully with everyday tasks such as navigating safely through the environment. Achieving this seemingly simple goal has proved to be exceedingly difficult. The authors suggest that one of the reasons for the difficulty comes from a perhaps surprising source: the tension between two radically different ways of knowing, artistic (aesthetic) and scientific (empirical-theoretical). James J. Gibson utilized both ways of knowing throughout his career. His creativity cannot be denied, as evidenced by his many novel and intuitive ideas (e.g., the field of safe travel, perceptual systems, affordances); and he often sought to learn from artists. Nevertheless, Gibson never gave up on empirical research, consistently applying rigorous scientific methodology in his experimental work. Robert E. Shaw too utilized both ways of knowing, often seeking insights from art and applying these in his theory building and empirical research. In this article, the authors argue that reconciling these two seemingly disparate ways of knowing is a difficult, but nonetheless worthwhile, task that could benefit the field. As a basis for this claim, they first use a phenomenological and hermeneutic critique of science to argue that ecological scientists need to assess critically the representationalist tradition in experimental science, focusing particularly on key assumptions of geometry and logic. The authors then propose that, if it is to achieve its goals, ecological psychology must find novel ways to understand how humans cope with everyday tasks. Finally, they argue that lessons from modern and postmodern artists' rejection of formal logic and the representationalist tradition, as well as their search for novel techniques, can be instructive and informative for the students of ecological psychology.

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Section: In Search Of a Methodsology For Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Search Of a Methodsology For Ecological Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Phenomenological (Critical) Perspective On Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Science of the Future

Kádár¹,

Effken²

2006

Ecological Psychology

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“…But this is not the whole picture, and indeed affordances are primarily facts about not perception, but about action and interaction. We understand objects as having ''social affordances'' referring to the properties that permit possibilities social interactions (Gaver, 1996;Still & Good, 1998). In order to have such rich knowledge of objects, among others Hobson and Tomasello have argued, they have to be able to see an object through the eyes of another, and to let the reactions of others guide their own response to an object (Tomasello, Kruger, & Ratner, 1993).…”

Section: Autism and Symbolic Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winnicott, symbolic play, and other minds

Varga¹

2011

Philosophical Psychology

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“…Turvey (1992) Gibson's affordances 6 suggested that ecological ontology is materialist and dynamicist but is not committed to the reductionism of classical physicalism. Issues about the appropriate ontology for ecological psychology have also been discussed by Kadar & Effken (1994), in a review of Turvey's paper, and by Still & Good (1998) whose concerns include the importance of the social affordances of conspecifics. The ecological level for a species is thus partly determined by the kinds of objects and events that have constituted significant selection pressures for that species.…”

Section: Affordance Is An Ecological Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibson's Affordances and Turing's Theory of Computation

Wells¹

2002

Ecological Psychology

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The concept of affordance is a central component of the ecological psychology of J.J.Gibson. Affordances are properties of the environment taken relative to an observer.Ecological theorists have developed formal models for the analysis of affordances. Models proposed by Shaw and Turvey (1981), Turvey (1992) and Greeno (1994) are described and evaluated and another approach, using Turing's theory of computation, is outlined.Affordances are characterised as the configurations of Turing machines. It is shown that Turing's work provides a natural vehicle for exploring Gibson's ideas.Gibson's affordances 3

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The Ontology of Mutualism

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Science of the Future

Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Science of the Future

Winnicott, symbolic play, and other minds

Gibson's Affordances and Turing's Theory of Computation

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