The Open Science Movement: Causes, State of the Art, and Prospects for Development

Abstract

An important feature of the development of modern science is the increasing spread of open access to the results of research activities. The article provides an analytical review of the spread of open access to scientific literature in the world, identifies the reasons for this phenomenon (development of the latest information technology, support from a large part of the scientific community), examines the reasons for the emergence of the open science movement, reviews the situation with access to scientific literature and the development of the publishing business in this area in the second half of XX - early XXI centuries. The mainarguments of both supporters of open access and critics of the movement are identified and analyzed. The main types of open access are considered: “gold”, “platinum”, “bronze”, “green” open access, scientific journals with a hybrid model of open access. The main development trends are identified. The level of support for the open science movement by scientific organizations and foundations, as well as by the governments of different countries is analyzed. The situation in Russia and worldwide has been compared. Recommendations on the introduction in Russia of measures to support open access at the level of the state and organizations that finance research activities have been developed. The proposed measures include regulatory regulation of the practice of paying for publications in open access journals at the expense of grants and “Government assignments” in science, determination of the range of the share of all research funds that can and must be spent on publication of results in open access journals; approval of the list of prestigious and ethically clean open access journals, on payment for publications in which government funds can be spent.