The Operational Matrix of Psychiatric Practice Ii. Variability in Psychiatric Impressions and the Projection Hypothesis

Raines, George N.; Rohrer, John H.

doi:10.1176/ajp.117.2.133

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…There are two levels of structure on this component, either a job analysis can be conducted or there are at least three (unstructured) alternatives. First, many interviews are conducted by psychologists focusing on personality traits but are not based on job analysis (Bobbitt & Newman, 1944, Fisher, Epstein, & Harris, 1967Harris, 1972;Hilton, Bolin, Parker, Thylor, & Walker, 1955;Mischel, 1965;Plag, 1961;Raines & Rohrer, 1955; Waldron, 1974; but cf. Holt, 1958).…”

Section: Review Of Components Of Structure 1 Base Questions On a Jobmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ratings are made on dimensions, ranging from 2 to 12 or more, based on answers to multiple questions or on the entire interview. This level is less structured than rating every answer because judgments are not as linked to individual answers, and there are usually fewer scales than questions so fewer ratings are made, Due to flexibility, this level is used in interviews that span the range of structure on other components, including highly structured (Robertson et al, 1990;Walters et al, 1993), moderately structured ( h e y et al, 1987; Barrett et al, 1967;Borman, 1982;Grove, 1981;Hakel, 1971;Jam, 1982;Landy, 1976;Mayfield et al, 1980;Orpen, 1985;Pulakos & Schmitt, 1995;Reynolds, 1979;Roth & J. Campion, 1992;Yonge, 1956;Zedeck et al, 1983), and fairly unstructured (Anderson, 1954;Bolanovich, 1944;Campbell, 1962;Dougherty et al, 1986;Drucker, 1957;DuBois & Watson, 1950;Fisher et al, 1967;Freeman et al, 1942;Glaser, Schwarz, & Flanagan, 1958;Hilton et al, 1955;Hovland & Wonderlic, 1939;Huse, 1962;Komives et al, 1984;Maas, 1965;Morse & Hawthorne, 1946;Rafferty & Deemer, 1950;Raines & Rohrer, 1955;Reeb, 1969;Shaw, 1952;'Ikankell, 1959;"Ibbiana & Ben-Shakhar, 1982;Waldron, 1974).…”

Section: Rate Each Answer or Use Multiple Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any scale can be enhanced by providing a detailed description of the underlying dimension (Campbell, 1962;Dougherty et al, 1986). There are also checklists (Hovland & Wonderlic, 1939;Raines & Rohrer, 1955), forced-choice items (Drucker, 1957), forced distributions (Fisher et al, 1967), and stanine scales (Padcell, 1959).…”

Section: Answer 20% Of Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Raining interviewers is analogous to training test administrators, which is highly recommended (Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1987), and interviewing is easily taught (Howard, Dailey, & Gulanick, 1979). Interviews require more highly skilled administrators than most other selection devices, thus training has been discussed since the early literature (Anderson, 1954;Bolanovich, 1944;Handyside & Duncan, 1954;Hovland & Wonderlic, 1939;Raines & Rohrer, 1955;Wonderlic, 1942).…”

Section: Provide Extensive Interviewing Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Structure in the Selection Interview

Campion

Palmer

Campion

1997

Personnel Psychology

410

565

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Virtually every previous review has concluded that structuring the selection interview improves its psychometric properties. This paper reviews the research literature in order to describe and evaluate the many ways interviews can be structured. Fifteen components of structure are identified that may enhance either the content of the interview or the evaluation process in the interview. Each component is explained in terms of its various operationalizations in the literature. Then, each component is critiqued in terms of its impact on numerous forms of reliability, validity, and user reactions. Finally, recommendations for research and practice are presented. It is concluded that interviews can be easily enhanced by using some of the many possible components of structure, and the improvement of this popular selection procedure should be a high priority for future research and practice.In the 80-year history of published research on employment interviewing (dating back to Scott, 1915), few conclusions have been more widely supported than the idea that structuring the interview enhances reliability and validity.

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Section: Review Of Components Of Structure 1 Base Questions On a Jobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rate Each Answer or Use Multiple Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Answer 20% Of Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Provide Extensive Interviewing Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Structure in the Selection Interview

Campion

Palmer

Campion

1997

Personnel Psychology

410

565

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“…4 Choice points were identified by a uniform title (WHAT WOULD YOU DO?) After numerous try-outs, 28 points of interruption were selected from an originally much larger number.…”

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confidence: 99%

The psychotherapist's contribution to the treatment process

Strupp¹

2007

Syst. Res.

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It is probably safe to say that there is nothing that has not been done to try to help people who have what is called "mental illness"-soft music and scalding in hot water, snake pits and electric current through the brain, stinging showers, starvation, milk diets, tranquilizing drugs and free association and casting out of devils and good hard work-but none can yet be said to be truly effective. Psychotherapy, especially since the days of Freud, has come to mean a treatment that is made up mainly of talk, a verbal exchange between the patient and the person who is trying to help him. With the development of this kind of treatment, it has been increasingly recognized that psychotherapy is characterized not only by its techniques, but also by the personal relationship beheen the patient and his therapist. This being so, the therapist himself, his background, attitudes, experiences, and personality must be put under the microscope for careful scrutiny and analysis if valid knowledge about how to treat mental illness is to be obtained.ESEARCH on psychotherapy may be R focused on three elements: the therapist, the patient, and the therapist-patient interaction. This investigation is concerned with the therapist's contribution to the treatment process-what the therapist does, and how his procedures are related to and influenced by his background, training, experience, and personality. Research on the therapist's contribution is not, of course, 'This investigation was supported by a research grant (M-965) from the National Institute of Mental Health, U. S. Public Health Service. Grateful acknowledgment is made t o Winfred Overholser, M. D., Executive Officer of the Department of Psychiatry, under whose general supervision this work was carried out. T o Leon Yochelson, M. D., consultant to the project, I am indebted not only for many constructive criticisms, suggestions, and comments but also for his unwavering support and friendly encouragement. It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of my research associates, Mrs. Rebecca E. Rieger and Mrs. Louisa R. Bilon. I wish to thank my friends, Drs. Dorothy E. Green and J. B. Chassan, for valuable advice on statistical problems.The wholehearted collaboration of the following organizations is sincerely appreciated: Saint Elizabeths Hospital; Johns Hopkins The film, part of a series produced by the Veterans Administration for training purposes, was originally entitled "A Clinical Picture of Claustrophobia.'' A 30-minute film, it has been described by its producers as an unrehearsed interview from which no significant parts were deleted.3In the film the patient, a middle-aged man, complains of anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms which appear to be of psychogenic origin. He relates an episode on a crowded street car in which he experienced an intense panic reaction; subsequently, he was unable to go out of the house

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