One of the problems of modern construction material science is to provide durable composite materials based on affordable and low-cost local raw materials (natural resources, industrial wastes, etc.). The application of two-component nano-and microdispersed fillers is approved which were actively involved in structure formation of hardened cement paste, adhesive strength, as well as a closed system of microvoids. Their polyfunctional effect on structure properties of cellular and heavy concrete, mortars, etc. was identified. Reorganization of the pore space by introducing two-component fillers leads not only to the strength increase, water and cold resistance, but to the durability of cement composite materials.