2022
DOI: 10.48084/etasr.4931
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The Optimal High Heating Value of the Torrefied Coconut Shells

Abstract: Coconut is a biomass resource that is abundant in tropical countries. In 2020, the Philippines planted 347 million coconut trees that produced 14.7 million tons of coconuts. The coconut shells (endocarp) are considered a waste material, which comprise 15.18% of each fruit and account for 2.2 million tons. The calorific value of raw coconut shells is 30.79MJ/kg. When torrefied at 275°C for 30 minutes holding time, the calorific value reached the optimal of 34.37MJ/kg, representing an increase of 11.64%. The mas… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Data on FC, VM, ash, and HHV were collected from the available database of scientific literature [30][31][32][33][34]. Data were collected in semi-structured form, and a total of 872 data points were used for modeling, with all missing data and duplicate values removed.…”
Section: Data Collection and Preprocessingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data on FC, VM, ash, and HHV were collected from the available database of scientific literature [30][31][32][33][34]. Data were collected in semi-structured form, and a total of 872 data points were used for modeling, with all missing data and duplicate values removed.…”
Section: Data Collection and Preprocessingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biomass is a major source of alternative energy [1,2]. Utilization of biomass is normally conducted via thermal routes such as combustion, gasification and, slow pyrolysis [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%