The optimal selection of on-site CHP systems through integrated sizing and operational strategy

A Technology Selection and Operation (TSO) optimisation model for distributed energy systems: Mathematical formulation and case study

“…fixed or variable) and time periods of study among others. A great part of the literature available on DES incorporates fuelled co-generation units; these include combined heat and power (CHP), mainly gas-engine [1,8,11], or a variation of this such as combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) [4,5,12]. Although some of the studies included the integration of other types of elements such as renewable energy technologies (e.g.…”

“…[7] optimized the operational strategy of a district heating system with three existing CHP units. However, [1] argued that system sizing and operational strategy should be an integrated approach because of the potential impact it may have; it is mentioned that an integrated strategy can achieve greater optimality in terms of the desired objective.…”

“…There is an extensive amount of literature describing different approaches for designing DES, ranging from standard recommendations to simulations [1,[4][5][6] and mathematical programming models [2,[7][8][9]11]. A broad range of factors integrate and influence DES design: diverse energy technologies, types of application (i.e.…”

“…DES can avoid electricity transmission and distribution losses as the electricity generated is used locally, possibly resulting in a more energy efficient system [1]. In addition to this, the use of co-generation technologies in distributed systems enables point-of-use heat generation.…”

“…Simulations and mixed-integer programming (MIP) optimization models have assisted decision-makers in such tasks [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Diverse features and levels of complexity have been explored; the simplest model approaches consider constant energy demands and fixed energy costs while complex approaches consider fluctuating energy prices, variable energy demands, part-load efficiency integration, a carbon price and the possibility of selling electricity exported to the grid.…”