The Optimization of a Pipeline Temperature Monitoring Method Based on Non-Local Means with the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm

Abstract

The accuracy of pipeline temperature monitoring using the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis system depends on the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis system. The Non-Local Means noise reduction algorithm, due to its ability to use the data patterns available within the two-dimensional measurement data space, has been used to improve the Brillouin Gain Spectrum in the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis system. This paper studies a new Non-Local Means algorithm optimized through the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm, in view of the unreasonable selection of smoothing parameters in other Non-Local Means algorithms. The field test demonstrates that, the new algorithm, when compared to other Non-Local Means methods, excels in preserving the detailed information within the Brillouin Gain Spectrum. It successfully restores the fundamental shape and essential characteristics of the Brillouin Gain Spectrum. Notably, at the 25 km fiber end, it achieves a 3 dB higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio compared to other Non-Local Means noise reduction algorithms. Furthermore, the Brillouin Gain Spectrum values exhibit increases of 9.4% in Root Mean Square Error, 12.5% in Sum of Squares Error, and 10% in Full Width at Half Maximum. The improved method has a better denoising effect and broad application prospects in pipeline safety.

Integrated Risk Assessment of Mountainous Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines Based on Multisource Spatial Data

“…Longer exposure distances may increase the potential risk of third-party damage to the pipeline and reduce its resilience . Therefore, there is typically a negative correlation between exposure distance and the resilience of pipelines against third-party damage. Abnormal distribution count of COTDR: COTDR (Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) is a fiber optic sensing system based on coherent optical time domain reflectometry technology, used for the detection and monitoring of events or abnormal conditions within the fiber optic cable . A higher count of abnormal distributions may indicate a greater number of abnormal conditions within the pipeline system, which may require further inspection and maintenance.…”

“… Abnormal distribution count of COTDR: COTDR (Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) is a fiber optic sensing system based on coherent optical time domain reflectometry technology, used for the detection and monitoring of events or abnormal conditions within the fiber optic cable. 35 A higher count of abnormal distributions may indicate a greater number of abnormal conditions within the pipeline system, which may require further inspection and maintenance. Conversely, a lower count of abnormal distributions may indicate normal operation of the pipeline system with no significant abnormal conditions.…”

“…Conversely, a lower warning level indicates that the pipeline system is in a normal state with lower risks. For detailed calculation procedures, please refer to the article by Lou . The warning levels for each segment of the fiber optic system are shown in Figure .…”

“…For detailed calculation procedures, please refer to the article by Lou. 35 The warning levels for each segment of the fiber optic system are shown in Figure 8 .…”