The oral environment: the challenge for antimicrobials in oral care products

Brading, M G; Marsh, Philip

doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2003.tb00910.x

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…At sublethal concentrations, many of these agents could target key virulence traits of oral bacteria, such as adhesion to surfaces, and sugar transport/acid production in relation to dental caries or protease activity in periodontal disease, while also generally slowing bacterial growth [ten Cate and Marsh, 1994]. For example, zinc can inhibit sugar transport, acid production and protease activity, while low levels of triclosan can also inhibit acid production by oral streptococci and protease activity by P. gingivalis [Cummins, 1992;Brading and Marsh, 2003]. Unlike the principles behind the use of antibiotics in medicine, oral care products could function prophylactically to stabilise the normal oral microbiota under conditions that may otherwise have predisposed a site to caries or gingivitis, thereby maintaining the benefits of the resident microbiota for the host (control without killing).…”

Section: Oral Disease: Control Without Killing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Approaches to Oral Biofilms: Control without Killing

Marsh

Head²,

DeVine³

2015

Caries Res

162

147

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Humans have co-evolved with micro-organisms and have a symbiotic or mutualistic relationship with their resident microbiome. As at other body surfaces, the mouth has a diverse microbiota that grows on oral surfaces as structurally and functionally organised biofilms. The oral microbiota is natural and provides important benefits to the host, including immunological priming, down-regulation of excessive pro-inflammatory responses, regulation of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems, and colonisation by exogenous microbes. On occasions, this symbiotic relationship breaks down, and previously minor components of the microbiota outcompete beneficial bacteria, thereby increasing the risk of disease. Antimicrobial agents have been formulated into many oral care products to augment mechanical plaque control. A delicate balance is needed, however, to control the oral microbiota at levels compatible with health, without killing beneficial bacteria and losing the key benefits delivered by these resident microbes. These antimicrobial agents may achieve this by virtue of their recommended twice daily topical use, which results in pharmacokinetic profiles indicating that they are retained in the mouth for relatively long periods at sublethal levels. At these concentrations they are still able to inhibit bacterial traits implicated in disease (e.g. sugar transport/acid production; protease activity) and retard growth without eliminating beneficial species. In silico modelling studies have been performed which support the concept that either reducing the frequency of acid challenge and/or the terminal pH, or by merely slowing bacterial growth, results in maintaining a community of beneficial bacteria under conditions that might otherwise lead to disease (control without killing).

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Section: Oral Disease: Control Without Killing?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Approaches to Oral Biofilms: Control without Killing

Marsh

Head²,

DeVine³

2015

Caries Res

162

147

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“…PAMAM dendrimers are of interest because they preferred in strategy in formulation to increase the delivery efficiency of antibacterial. TCN has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against many types of Gram positive and Gram-negative nonsporulating bacteria, some fungi and yeasts (Brading & Marsh, 2003). For an antibacterial to be effective when delivered from an oral care product it should be efficiently retained and subsequently released at the site of interest.…”

Section: Dendrimers As Antibacterial or Antimicrobial Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimers as Antibacterial Agents

Tülü¹,

Ertürk²

2012

A Search for Antibacterial Agents

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“…Chemical approaches such as topical antiseptics, local drug delivery, and systemic antibiotics are used with the expectation of producing an adjunctive effect [2][3][4][5]. In fact, it has been demonstrated that adjunctive antimicrobials improve clinical parameters, including plaque index, gingival inflammation, and probing pocket depth [3,[5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%