The Oral–Lung Microbiome Axis in Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease
Kale S. Bongers,
Angeline Massett,
David N. O'Dwyer
Abstract:Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a frequent and serious complication of CTD, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood; however, one intriguing contributing factor may be the microbiome of the mouth and lungs. The oral microbiome, which is a major source of the lung microbiome through recurrent microaspiration, is altered in ILD patients. Moreover, in recent years, several lines of evidence suggest that changes in … Show more
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