The oral microbiome and human health

Yamashita, Yoshihisa; Takeshita, Toru

doi:10.2334/josnusd.16-0856

Cited by 259 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, our finding was inconsistent with a previous cross-sectional study that showed a significant association between salivary microbiome communities and periodontal diseases status [26]. This discrepancy may be explained by differences in study design (prospective cohort study vs. cross-sectional study) and targeted age group (young adults vs. elderly people) [34,35]. The previous studies mentioned that the composition of salivary microbial profiles could be different in relation to age [26,36].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…were significantly higher in the worsening group than in the non-worsening group. Our results partially support those of a previous study [35], which found that Prevotella was associated with periodontal diseases. Other species in our study may indirectly contribute to the worsening of the periodontal health status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Saliva can be easily, repetitively, and noninvasively collected. Saliva may be a reasonable surrogate for pooled subgingival samples when screening for the presence of periopathogens and reflect periodontal conditions [35,46]. Further research using both salivary and dental plaque samples is needed for better understanding of the influence of the oral microbiome on the worsening of the periodontal health status among young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study

Islam

Ekuni

Toyama

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of the salivary microbiome on the worsening of the periodontal health status among Japanese young adults. We assessed the data of systemically healthy and non-smoking young (18-22 years) university students (n = 457) from Okayama University at baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016). The worsening group was defined based on an increase in the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP) or an increase in probing pocket depth (PPD) from <4 mm to ≥4 mm. Unstimulated saliva samples were randomly collected from 69 students for microbiome analysis at follow-up. The salivary microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. The type of community in the salivary microbiome clustered by statistical analysis and diversity was not significantly associated with the worsening of the periodontal health status in cases of increasing %BOP and PPD (p > 0.05). The prevalence of some species was significantly higher in the worsening group than in the non-worsening group (p < 0.05) in both cases. The worsening of the periodontal health status was associated with some species, but not the type of community and diversity in the salivary microbiome among Japanese young adults. , Table S1. Comparison between the worsening and non-worsening groups (increase in gingival bleeding) among all students (n = 457); Table S2. Comparison between the worsening and non-worsening groups (increase in probing pocket depth) among all students (n = 457); Table S3. Conditional odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for an increase in gingival bleeding and probing pocket depth among all students (n = 457); Table S4. Comparisons between the two communities; Figure S1. Differences in the salivary microbiome between the two communities; Figure S2. Microbial co-occurrence networks of species. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.E., Y.I., and M.M.; methodology, D.E., M.M.I., N.T., and M.M.; validation, K.K. and D.E.; formal analysis, M.M.I; investigation, D.resources, M.M.; data curation, M.M.I., N.T., Y.U., and A.T.-T.; writing-original draft preparation, M.M.I.; writing-review and editing, all authors; project administration, M.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study

Islam

Ekuni

Toyama

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…A positive correlation was found between EBV copy number (qPCR viral data) and bacterial richness (an alpha diversity measure of 16S rRNA observed sequences) which suggests that as the number of bacterial strains increase within a sample, the viral load also increases. In relation to health and disease, high bacterial richness in the saliva has been associated with poor oral health (decayed teeth, periodontitis, and poor oral hygiene) [31,32], and in the vagina, high bacterial diversity has been linked to bacterial In half of the subjects tested, three genera, Catonella, Megasphaera, and Actinobacillus were not present in pre-flight samples, but were detected in samples collected during flight. In those that already had these genera pre-flight, their relative abundances increased in-flight.…”

Section: Viral Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of spaceflight on the astronaut salivary microbiome and the search for a microbiome biomarker for viral reactivation

et al. 2020

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Background: Spaceflight impacts astronauts in many ways but little is known on how spaceflight affects the salivary microbiome and the consequences of these changes on astronaut health, such as viral reactivation. In order to understand this, the salivary microbiome was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and saliva viral titers were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with primers specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV) from 10 astronauts pre-flight, in-flight, and postflight. Results: Streptococcus was the most abundant organism in the saliva, making up 8% of the total organisms detected, and their diversity decreased during spaceflight. Other organisms that had statistically significant changes were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria which increased during flight and Actinobacteria which decreased during flight. At the genus level, Catonella, Megasphera, and Actinobacillus were absent in more than half of saliva samples collected pre-flight but were then detected during flight. In those subjects that already had these genera pre-flight, their relative abundances increased during flight. Correlation analyses between the microbiome and viral titers revealed a positive correlation with Gracilibacteria, Absconditabacteria, and Abiotrophia and a negative correlation between Oribacterium, Veillonella, and Haemophilus. There was also a significant positive correlation between microbiome richness and EBV viral titers. Conclusions: This is the first study to look at how the salivary microbiome changes as a result of spaceflight and the search for bacterial biomarkers for viral reactivation. Further studies examining the role of specific organisms that were shown to be correlative and predictive in viral reactivation, a serious problem in astronauts during spaceflight, could lead to mitigation strategies to help prevent disease during both short and long duration space missions.

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“…A predominance of Neisseria spp. in the oral cavity indicates healthy conditions of the oral cavity [40,41,42]. Bergeyella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in the bacterial community of supragingival plaque related to metabolic associated fatty liver disease

Zhao

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), also known as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic disorders, has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The associations between some oral resident microbes and MAFLD have been described. However, changes to the oral microbial community in patients with MAFLD remain unknown. Methods In this study, variations to the supragingival microbiota of MAFLD patients were identified. The microbial genetic profile of supragingival plaque samples from 24 MAFLD patients and 22 healthy participants were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Clinical variables, including indicators of insulin resistance, obesity, blood lipids, and hepatocellular damage, were evaluated with laboratory tests and physical examinations. Results The results showed that the diversity of the supragingival microbiota in MAFLD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals. Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the samples from the MAFLD and control groups formed separate clusters (Adonis, P = 0.0120). There were 27 taxa with differential distributions (linear discriminant analysis, LDA༞2.0) between two groups, among which Actinomyces and Prevotella 2 spp. were over-represented in the MAFLD group with highest LDA score, while Neisseria and Bergeyella spp. were more abundant in the control group. Co-occurrence networks of the top 50 abundant genera in the two groups suggested that the inter-genera relationships were also altered in the supragingival plaque of MAFLD patients. In addition, as risk factors for the development of MAFLD, insulin resistance was positively correlated with the abundances of Granulicatella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Scardovia spp., while obesity was positively correlated to the abundances of Streptococcus, Oslenella, Scardovia, and Selenomonas spp. Metagenomic predictions based on Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States revealed that pathways related to sugar (mainly free sugar) metabolism were enriched in the supragingival plaque of the MAFLD group. Conclusions In conclusion, as compared to healthy individuals, component and interactional dysbioses were observed in the supragingival microbiota of the MAFLD group, which could be further explored as potential oral biomarkers of the MAFLD.

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The oral microbiome and human health

Cited by 259 publications

References 20 publications

Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study

Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study

The influence of spaceflight on the astronaut salivary microbiome and the search for a microbiome biomarker for viral reactivation

Shifts in the bacterial community of supragingival plaque related to metabolic associated fatty liver disease

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