The oral microbiome in health and disease

Wade, William

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.006

Cited by 1,057 publications

(983 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Further, expression of the gene in question and successful translation may not be efficient in the E. coli host since some gram-positive proteins are toxic when translated within E. coli . An alternative explanation might be the limitations of the samples and method: (i) Studies have confirmed that S. mutans is not the only predominant caries-pathogenic bacterium [14,15]; depending on individual patients, it might not be the principal ECC bacterium [42]. Hence, in this study, the abundance of S. mutans might only occupy a small fraction of the collected caries samples, limiting the genetic information in our library and reducing the chance of obtaining functional genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent high-throughput sequencing studies based on culture-independent analysis of childhood caries revealed that S. mutans is not the only dominant pathogenic bacterium in caries. Lactobacillus, Selenomonas and Neisseria can also be detected at high levels in severe carious plaques [14,15], and some of these bacteria cannot be cultured (Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), http://www.homd.org/). In addition to Streptococcus , our knowledge about the acid resistance and related regulatory genes of cariogenic microorganisms, especially those that are not cultivable, is limited; thus, it offers a fertile field for the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid-resistant genes of oral plaque microbiome from the functional metagenomics

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Acid resistance is one of key properties assisting the survival of cariogenic bacteria in a dental caries environment, but only a few genes conferring acid resistance have been identified to data. Functional metagenomics provides a systematic method for investigating commensal DNA to identify genes that encode target functions. Here, the host strain Escherichia coli DH10B and a constructed bidirectional transcription vector pSKII+-lacZ contributed to the construction of a metagenomic library, and 46.6 Mb of metagenomic DNA was cloned from carious supragingival plaque of 8children along with screening for lethal functionality. The screen identified 2 positive clones that exhibited a similar aciduric phenotype to that of the positive controls. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these two genes encoded an ATP/GTP-binding protein and a malate dehydrogenase. Moreover, we also performed functional screening of Streptococcus mutans, since it is one of the predominant cariogenic strains but was not identified in our initial screening. Five positive clones were retrieved. In conclusion, our improved functional metagenomics screening method helped in the identification of important acid resistance genes, thereby providing new insights into the mechanism underlying caries formation as well as in the prevention and treatment of early childhood caries (ECC).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-resistant genes of oral plaque microbiome from the functional metagenomics

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2018

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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“…The oral microbiome has been hypothesized to have a role in the development of periodontal disease (Huang et al, 2011;Ge et al, 2013;Wade, 2013); however, the role of viruses as members of the oral microbiome has not been elucidated. Our findings that human oral viruses are personalized features of each individual's microbiome and that viruses are persistent members of the oral microbiome suggests that viruses have important roles in the oral ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human oral viruses are personal, persistent and gender-consistent

et al. 2014

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Viruses are the most abundant members of the human oral microbiome, yet relatively little is known about their biodiversity in humans. To improve our understanding of the DNA viruses that inhabit the human oral cavity, we examined saliva from a cohort of eight unrelated subjects over a 60-day period. Each subject was examined at 11 time points to characterize longitudinal differences in human oral viruses. Our primary goals were to determine whether oral viruses were specific to individuals and whether viral genotypes persisted over time. We found a subset of homologous viral genotypes across all subjects and time points studied, suggesting that certain genotypes may be ubiquitous among healthy human subjects. We also found significant associations between viral genotypes and individual subjects, indicating that viruses are a highly personalized feature of the healthy human oral microbiome. Many of these oral viruses were not transient members of the oral ecosystem, as demonstrated by the persistence of certain viruses throughout the entire 60-day study period. As has previously been demonstrated for bacteria and fungi, membership in the oral viral community was significantly associated with the sex of each subject. Similar characteristics of personalized, sex-specific microflora could not be identified for oral bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA. Our findings that many viruses are stable and individual-specific members of the oral ecosystem suggest that viruses have an important role in the human oral ecosystem.

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“…Состояние макроорганизма, его питание и окружающая среда в значительной степени сказыва-ются на микробиоценозе. Микроорганизмы, в свою оче-редь, влияют на устойчивость к патогенам и на здоровье человека через различные процессы, связанные со все-ми видами обмена макро-и микронутриентов [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: формирование кишечного биоценоза ребенкаunclassified

Intestinal Microbiocenosis, Food Tolerance and Food Allergy. Current State of a Problem

Макарова¹,

Boldyreva²,

Лаврова³

et al. 2014

Vopr. sovr. pediatr.

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In the review of modern literature the influence of a bacterial factor, first of all -indigenous microflora -on formation of food tolerance and immune answer of a child as a whole is in detail considered. Formation of a microbiocenosis, food and autogenic tolerance happens under the general laws. In this process the primary colonization of intestines and formation of a microflora variety which, as results of the last researches show, comes to an end by 2-4 years of life of a child has special value. In the review the major factors influencing the formation of a child intestinal microbiota both antenatal and postnatal and for the first years of life, and also their interaction are considered. The influence of a bacterial factor on formation of food tolerance and sensibilization processes, and also mechanisms of this influence is in detail discussed. The data on features of a structure of intestinal microflora at children with food allergy including the results of own researches devoted to microbiocenosis at children with food allergy and to development of tactics of managementВ развитии аллергических форм патологии боль-шую роль играет наследственная предрасположенность. Вместе с тем генетические факторы не могут объяснить повышения частоты аллергических реакций на ком-поненты пищи, которые в последние годы образно называют «второй волной» эпидемии аллергии: на фоне некоторого снижения темпов роста распространенно-сти респираторной аллергии отмечается резкое увели-чение частоты патологических состояний, связанных с нарушением процессов формирования толерантности к пище [1]. Принято считать, что «первая волна аллер-гии» в 70-80-е гг. XX в. была связана с современным (западным) образом жизни, воздействием изменения рациона питания, ксенобиотиков пищи, а также загряз-нением окружающей среды и др. Остается неясным, почему «волна пищевой аллергии» отстала от «первой

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The oral microbiome in health and disease

Cited by 1,057 publications

References 90 publications

Acid-resistant genes of oral plaque microbiome from the functional metagenomics

Acid-resistant genes of oral plaque microbiome from the functional metagenomics

Human oral viruses are personal, persistent and gender-consistent

Intestinal Microbiocenosis, Food Tolerance and Food Allergy. Current State of a Problem

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