The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine

Herremans, Kelly M.; Riner, Andrea N.; Cameron, Miles E.; McKinley, Kelley Lobean; Triplett, Eric W.; Hughes, Steven J.; Treviño, José G.

doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01262-7

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Future risk of PC has been linked to the oral microbiome, specifically increased levels of P. gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( A. actinomycetemcomitans ) and decreased relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Fusobacteria , suggesting that it may have an impact on the inflammatory condition by expanding, altering, and regulating the commensal microbiome[ 11 - 13 , 29 ]. It's noteworthy that Leptotrichia species, which are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, are also frequently discovered in immunosuppressed individuals[ 46 ]. Using direct bacterial DNA analysis from samples of people's saliva taken years before diagnosis, a cohort research found strong associations between two periopathogens, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans , and PC[ 1 , 10 , 43 ].…”

Section: Human Microbiome and Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could there be an interplay between periodontal changes and pancreatic malignancies?

Ungureanu¹,

Gheorghe²,

Nicolae³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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The term "periodontal disease" refers to a group of chronic inflammatory illnesses caused by specific microorganisms from subgingival biofilm, that affect the tooth-supporting tissues. Recent research has also shown that periodontal infection plays a role in aggravating systemic disease states at distal sites, reinforcing the significance of the oral cavity for general health. Additionally, it has been suggested that gastroenterological malignancies may be promoted by hematogenous, enteral or lymphatic translocation of periopathogens. In the past 25 years, the global burden of pancreatic cancer (PC) has more than doubled, making it one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality. Periodontitis has been linked to at least 50% increased risk of PC and it could be considered a risk factor for this malignancy. A recent study performed on 59000 African American women with a follow up of 21 years showed that participants who had poor dental health had higher chances of PC. The findings, according to researchers, might be related to the inflammation that some oral bacteria trigger. Regarding the mortality of PC, periodontitis considerably raises the chance of dying from PC. Microbiome alterations in the gut, oral cavity and pancreatic tissues of PC patients occur when compared to healthy flora, demonstrating a link between PC and microecology. Inflammation may also contribute to PC development, although the underlying pathway is not yet known. The function of the microbiome in PC risk has drawn more focus over the last decade. Future risk of PC has been linked to the oral microbiome, specifically increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and decreased relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Fusobacteria , suggesting that it may have an impact on the inflammatory condition by expanding, altering, and regulating the commensal microbiome. Patients who received periodontal treatment had significantly decreased incidence rate ratios for PC. By analyzing patterns in the microbiome composition throughout PC development and establishing strategies to enhance the cancer-associated microbial system, we can increase the efficacy of therapy and eventually find an application for the microbial system. The development of immunogenomics and gut micro-genomics in the life sciences will result in a significant advancement in our understanding of how microbial systems and immunotherapy interact, and it may also have intriguing therapeutic implications for extending the lifetime of PC patients.

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Section: Human Microbiome and Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could there be an interplay between periodontal changes and pancreatic malignancies?

Ungureanu¹,

Gheorghe²,

Nicolae³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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“…On the other hand, a multinational study involving saliva from pancreatic cancer cases and controls found a high false positive rate when a Japanese dataset was validated against a Spanish dataset or vice versa, or when the selected biomarker species were validated against saliva of cases and controls from other studies with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, colorectal carcinoma or diabetes mellitus [ 21 ]. Paradoxically, different studies identify the same species in oral samples associated with either increased or decreased risk for the same cancer type: e.g., genera Leptotrichia and Streptococcus have been associated with both decreased and increased pancreatic cancer risk [ 22 ].…”

Section: Oral Microbiome and Distant Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Commentary on the Potential Use of Oral Microbiome in Prediction, Diagnosis or Prognostics of a Distant Pathology

Zaura

2022

Dentistry Journal

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In health, the oral microbiome is in balance with its host. If this balance is lost, this symbiosis is replaced by dysbiotic microbial communities, which are thought to affect the rest of the body either directly or via metabolites or pro-inflammatory molecules. The association of oral microbiome with general health has led to attempts to use oral microbial biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of distant pathologies such as colorectal carcinoma or pancreatic cancer. These attempts however have no chance to succeed if the complexity of the oral ecosystem and the interplay of environmental, behavioral and biological factors is not taken into account. Standardized, well-documented oral sample collection procedures together with detailed clinical oral examination and behavioral data are the prerequisites for the successful evaluation of the oral microbiome as a potential biomarker for distant pathologies.

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“…A breakthrough in DNA sequencing occurred in the mid-2000s thanks to next-generation sequencing[ 14 ]. Through gene sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics (the recently introduced “meta-omics” techniques) analysis of strain composition, production of metabolites, and other bacterial activities can be performed[ 15 , 16 ]. Consequently, the significant microbiota impact on human physiology and pathology has been increasingly acknowledged over the years.…”

Section: Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association between periodontal disease or oral dysbiosis and several kinds of cancers (oral, hematological, digestive tract, prostate, uterus, lung, and breast) has been reported with different strengths of association[ 18 ]. In analyzing this relationship, PanCa has been one of the most studied cancers[ 16 , 18 ]. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the oral microbiota were related to a higher risk of developing PanCa[ 17 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Cancer Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management

Bartolini¹,

Nannini²,

Risaliti³

et al. 2022

WJG

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The microbiota impact on human diseases is well-known, and a growing body of literature is providing evidence about the complex interplay between microbiota-immune system-human physiology/pathology, including cancers. Together with the defined risk factors ( e.g. , smoke habits, diet, diabetes, and obesity), the oral, gut, biliary, and intrapancreatic microbiota contribute to pancreatic cancer development through different pathways including the interaction with the immune system. Unfortunately, a great majority of the pancreatic cancer patients received a diagnosis in advanced stages not amenable to be radically treated and potentially cured. Given the poor pancreatic cancer prognosis, complete knowledge of these complicated relationships could help researchers better understand the disease pathogenesis and thus provide early potential non-invasive biomarkers, new therapeutic targets, and tools for risk stratification that might result in greater therapeutic possibilities and eventually in a better and longer patient survival.

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The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine

Cited by 37 publications

References 121 publications

Could there be an interplay between periodontal changes and pancreatic malignancies?

Could there be an interplay between periodontal changes and pancreatic malignancies?

A Commentary on the Potential Use of Oral Microbiome in Prediction, Diagnosis or Prognostics of a Distant Pathology

Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management

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