The organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter

Ketseridis, G.; Hahn, Jürgen; Jaenicke, R.; Junge, Christian

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(76)90045-7

Cited by 158 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Liousse et al (1996) and Chung and Seinfeld (2002) are depicted by open squares and closed diamonds, respectively. Measurements taken from: Hidy et al, 1974;Hoffmann and Duce, 1974;1977;Ketseridis et al, 1976;Chesselet et al, 1981;Andreae, 1982;1983;Andreae et al, 1984;Dzubay et al, 1984;Ohta and Okita, 1984;Cachier et al, 1986;1990;1994;Japar et al, 1986;Wolff et al, 1986;Clarke, 1989;Mukai et al, 1990;Novakov and Penner, 1993;Chow et al, 1994;Liousse et al, 1996;Novakov et al, 1997;Castro et al, 1999;Molnár et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2000;Puxbaum et al, 2000. (b) Comparison of OC calculations in case S1.8 with observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

2003

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Abstract.A global 3-dimensional chemistry/transport model able to describe O 3 , NO x , Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), sulphur and NH 3 chemistry has been extended to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of primary and secondary carbonaceous aerosols in the troposphere focusing on Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation. A number of global simulations have been performed to determine a possible range of annual global SOA production and investigate uncertainties associated with the model results. The studied uncertainties in the SOA budget have been evaluated to be in decreasing importance: the potentially irreversible sticking of the semi-volatile compounds on aerosols, the enthalpy of vaporization of these compounds, the partitioning of SOA on non-carbonaceous aerosols, the conversion of aerosols from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the emissions of primary carbonaceous aerosols, the chemical fate of the first generation products and finally the activity coefficient of the condensable species. The large uncertainties associated with the emissions of VOC and the adopted simplification of chemistry have not been investigated in this study. Although not all sources of uncertainties have been investigated, according to our calculations, the above factors within the experimental range of variations could result to an overall uncertainty of about a factor of 20 in the global SOA budget. The global annual SOA production from biogenic VOC might range from 2.5 to 44.5 Tg of organic matter per year, whereas that from anthropogenic VOC ranges from 0.05 to 2.62 Tg of organic matter per year. These estimates can be considered as a lower limit, since partitioning on coarse particles like nitrate, dust or sea-salt, together with the partitioning and the dissociation of the semi-volatile products in aerosol water has been neglected. Comparison of model results to observations, where available, shows a better agreement for the upper budget estimates than for the lower ones.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

2003

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“…Atmospheric OA contains a great variety of different chemical compounds (e.g. Ketseridis et al, 1976;Middlebrook et al, 1998;Hamilton et al, 2004). The organic constituents may be grouped into two broad categories, primary and secondary (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit modeling of organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosol partitioning for Mexico City and its outflow plume

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The evolution of organic aerosols (OA) in Mexico City and its outflow is investigated with the nearly explicit gas phase photochemistry model GECKO-A (Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere), wherein precursor hydrocarbons are oxidized to numerous intermediate species for which vapor pressures are computed and used to determine gas/particle partitioning in a chemical box model. Precursor emissions included observed C3-10 alkanes, alkenes, and light aromatics, as well as larger n-alkanes (up to C25) not directly observed but estimated by scaling to particulate emissions according to their volatility. Conditions were selected for comparison with observations made in March 2006 (MILAGRO). The model successfully reproduces the magnitude and diurnal shape for both primary (POA) and secondary (SOA) organic aerosols, with POA peaking in the early morning at 15-20 µg m −3 , and SOA peaking at 10-15 µg m −3 during mid-day. The majority (≥75 %) of the model SOA stems from reaction products of the large n-alkanes, used here as surrogates for all emitted hydrocarbons of similar volatility, with the remaining SOA originating mostly from the light aromatics. Simulated OA elemental composition reproduces observed H/C and O/C ratios reasonably well, although modeled ratios develop more slowly than observations suggest. SOA chemical composition is initially dominated by δ-hydroxy ketones and nitrates from the large alkanes, with contributions from peroxy acyl nitrates and, at later times when NOx is lower, organic hydroperoxides. The simulated plume-integrated OA Correspondence to: J. Lee-Taylor (julial@ucar.edu) mass continues to increase for several days downwind despite dilution-induced particle evaporation, since oxidation chemistry leading to SOA formation remains strong. In this model, the plume SOA burden several days downwind exceeds that leaving the city by a factor of >3. These results suggest significant regional radiative impacts of SOA.

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“…Many analyses of the higher molecular lipids (>C12) have been reported for urban, rural and oceanic aerosols (e.g. Broddin et aL, 1980;van Cauwenberghe, 1978, Cox et al, 1982;Eichmann et al, 1979Eichmann et al, , 1980Gagosian and Peltzer, 1986;Gagosian et al, 1981Gagosian et al, , 1982Gagosian et al, , 1987Ketseridis et al, 1976;Matsumoto and Hanya, 1980;Mazurek and Simoneit, 1984;Schneider et al, 1983;Simoneit, 1977Simoneit, , 1980Simoneit, , 1982Simoneit, , 1984aSimoneit, , b, 1985Simoneit, , 1986aSimoneit and Mazurek, 1982a, b;Simoneit et al, 1980Simoneit et al, , 1983Simoneit et al, , 1988Standley and Simoneit, 1987;Standley, 1987;Van Vaeck et al, 1979a, b). However, source correlations of this solvent-extractable lipid matter have been limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter of the troposphere ? V: Application of molecular marker analysis to biogenic emissions into the troposphere for source reconciliations

1989

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Organic matter in tropospheric aerosols is derived from two major sources and is admixed depending on the geographic area. These sources are biogenic detritus and anthropogenic emissions. The biogenic materials in the solvent-extractable organic matter are comprised predominantly of higher plant waxes, with lesser amounts of resin and microbial detritus and the antbropogenic components are primarily vehicular emissions (e.g. oils, soot, etc.) and input from combustion (e.g. charcoal, thermally-altered biogenic matter, etc.). Both biogenic detritus and anthropogenic emissions contain organic compounds (C12-C40+), which can be identified with unique and distinguishable distribution patterns. Molecular composition analysis has been applied to such extracts after suitable chemical separation into subfraetions (i.e. hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, and wax esters). Both homologous compound series and specific natural products (e.g. phytosterols, terpenes, etc.) are identified as molecular markers.Aerosols from rural and remote areas in the western United States, South America, Nigeria and Australia have been analyzed and all contained predominantly plant waxes. The loadings of hydrocarbons ranged approximately from 10-1400 ng/m 3 of air, of fatty acids from 10-450 ng/m 3 and of fatty alcohols from 10-1650 ng/m 3. These higher molecular weight lipids primarily from flora comprise a major component of the organic carbon in rural and remote aerosols. They are thus important indicators for regional biogenic sources in the global cycling of organic carbon.

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The organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter

Cited by 158 publications

References 6 publications

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis

Explicit modeling of organic chemistry and secondary organic aerosol partitioning for Mexico City and its outflow plume

Organic matter of the troposphere ? V: Application of molecular marker analysis to biogenic emissions into the troposphere for source reconciliations

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