The ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS: Flight sample preparation and ground control spectroscopy

Bryson, K. L.; Peeters, Z.; Salama, Farid; Foing, B. H.; Ehrenfreund, P.; Ricco, Antonio J.; Jeßberger, E. K.; Bischoff, A.; Breitfellner, M. G.; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Robert, François

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2011.07.017

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As a direct result of these advances and the concomitant advances achieved through complementary studies involving astronomical observations of DIBs, laboratory simulation of interstellar analogs for neutral and ionized PAHs (Salama 2008 and references therein; Salama et al 2011;Gredel et al 2011), space exposure experiments of PAHs (Ehrenfreund et al 2007;Bryson et al 2011;Mattioda et al 2012), theoretical calculations of PAH spectra (Weisman et al 2003;Ruiterkamp et al 2005) and the modeling of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds (Snow and McCall 2006 and references therein) it has become possible to further test the validity of the 'PAH-DIB' proposal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of PAHs as DIB Carriers - Progress and Open Questions

Salama¹,

Ehrenfreund²

2013

Proc. IAU

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PAHs are among the most commonly proposed and popular candidates for DIB carriers. We present a critical assessment of the PAH-DIB model in view of the progress and the advances that have recently been achieved through a series of complementary studies involving astronomical observations of DIBs, laboratory simulation of interstellar analogs for PAHs (neutrals and ions), space exposure experiments of PAHs, theoretical calculations of PAH spectra and the modeling of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds. What have we learned from these complementary studies? What are the constraints that can now be derived for the PAHs as DIB carriers? What are the strengths and the weaknesses of the PAH model to account for the DIBs?

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of PAHs as DIB Carriers - Progress and Open Questions

Salama¹,

Ehrenfreund²

2013

Proc. IAU

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“…Spectra indicate that the thin films have remained stable over a period of 5 years thus far, as described in Bryson et al (2011).…”

Section: Mission Ground Reference and Ground Control Samplesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1). The thin films were deposited in a vacuum sublimation system to a thickness of 100 and 300 nm as described in Bryson et al (2011). As noted above, post-flight investigations revealed contamination in the ISS environment affecting the EXPOSE-R sample carriers.…”

Section: Organic Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results of the ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS

Bryson

Salama

Elsaesser

et al. 2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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The ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R spent 682 days outside the International Space Station, providing continuous exposure to the cosmic-, solar-and trapped-particle radiation background for fourteen samples: 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three fullerenes. The thin films of the ORGANIC experiment received, during space exposure, an irradiation dose of the order of 14 000 MJ m −2 over 2900 h of unshadowed solar illumination. Extensive analyses were performed on the returned samples and the results compared to ground control measurements. Analytical studies of the returned samples included spectral measurements from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared range and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Limited spectral changes were observed in most cases pointing to the stability of PAHs and fullerenes under space exposure conditions. Furthermore, the results of these experiments confirm the known trend in the stability of PAH species according to molecular structure: compact PAHs are more stable than non-compact PAHs, which are themselves more stable than PAHs containing heteroatoms, the last category being the most prone to degradation in the space environment. We estimate a depletion rate of the order of 85 ± 5% over the 17 equivalent weeks of continuous unshadowed solar exposure in the most extreme case tetracene (smallest, non-compact PAH sample). The insignificant spectral changes (below 10%) measured for solid films of large or compact PAHs and fullerenes indicate a high stability under the range of space exposure conditions investigated on EXPOSE-R.

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“…This was a validation experiment for the a long duration exposure on ISS, that was performed using the EXPOSE-R facility (hosting 10 international astrobiological experiments). The ISS-EXPOSE-R provided a long exposure to solar UV and space conditions (Bryson et al 2011). The returned samples are currently under investigation.…”

Section: Possible Dib Carriers Investigated In Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Limits to Observational Diffuse Interstellar Band Studies

Foing

2013

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. The status of DIB research (Herbig 1995) has strongly advanced since the DIB conference in Boulder in 1994. In the same year we reported the discovery of two near IR diffuse bands coincident with C + 60 , that was confirmed in subsequent years. Since then a number of DIB observational studies have been published such as DIB surveys, measurements of DIB families, correlations and environment dependences as well as DIBs in extra-galactic sources. Resolved substructures were measured and compared to predicted rotational contours of large molecules. Polarisation studies provided constraints on possible carrier molecules and upper limits. DIBs carriers have been linked with several classes of organic molecules observed in the interstellar medium, in particular to the UIR bands (assigned to PAHs), the Extended Red Emission (ERE) or the recently detected Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME, assigned to spinning dust). In particular fullerenes and PAHs have been proposed to explain some DIBs and specific molecules were searched for in DIB spectra. DIB carriers could be present in various dehydrogenation and ionization states. Experiments in the laboratory and in space contribute to our understanding of the photo-stability of possible DIB carriers. In summary, the status of DIB research in the last 20 years has strongly advanced. We review DIB observational results and their interpretation and introduce the relevant plenary discussion.

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The ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS: Flight sample preparation and ground control spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

A Critical Review of PAHs as DIB Carriers - Progress and Open Questions

A Critical Review of PAHs as DIB Carriers - Progress and Open Questions

First results of the ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS

Exploring the Limits to Observational Diffuse Interstellar Band Studies

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