The organization of two new cortical interneuronal circuits

Jiang, Xiaolong; Wang, Guangfu; Lee, Alice J.; Stornetta, Ruth L.; Zhu, Jie

doi:10.1038/nn.3305

Cited by 303 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

359

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Third, the interneurons might exert a more sophisticated control on the principal neurons output through a variety of synapses rather than a simply direct inhibition of principal neurons. Recently, there have been several studies demonstrating the importance of interneuroninterneuron interactions in the processing of cortical functions (Jiang et al 2013;Pfeffer et al 2013;Pi et al 2013;Xu et al 2013). These interactions, which consist of inhibition of inhibitory neurons, can lead to disinhibition of pyramidal cell activity by decreasing the net inhibitory drive on these neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of cannabinoid system in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex modulates cost-benefit decision making

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the evidence for altered decision making in cannabis abusers, the role of the cannabinoid system in decision-making circuits has not been studied. Here, we examined the effects of cannabinoid modulation during costbenefit decision making in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), key brain areas involved in decision making. We trained different groups of rats in a delay-based and an effort-based form of cost-benefit T-maze decision-making task. During test days, the rats received local injections of either vehicle or ACEA, a cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) agonist in the ACC or OFC. We measured spontaneous locomotor activity following the same treatments and characterized CB1Rs localization on different neuronal populations within these regions using immunohistochemistry. We showed that CB1R activation in the ACC impaired decision making such that rats were less willing to invest physical effort to gain high reward. Similarly, CB1R activation in the OFC induced impulsive pattern of choice such that rats preferred small immediate rewards to large delayed rewards. Control tasks ensured that the effects were specific for differential cost-benefit tasks. Furthermore, we characterized widespread colocalizations of CB1Rs on GABAergic axonal ends but few colocalizations on glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic neuronal ends. These results provide first direct evidence that the cannabinoid system plays a critical role in regulating cost-benefit decision making in the ACC and OFC and implicate cannabinoid modulation of synaptic ends of predominantly interneurons and to a lesser degree other neuronal populations in these two frontal regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of cannabinoid system in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex modulates cost-benefit decision making

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the distance between the inhibitory synapses and the soma renders a direct influence on somatic action potential generation improbable, it has been shown that activity in inhibitory interneurons in layers 2 and 3 can suppress the initiation of dendritic calcium spikes in pyramidal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. 38,52 This mechanism appears to be quite potent, as a single action potential in an interneuron can abolish dendritic calcium spikes in postsynaptic pyramidal cells ( fig. 5).…”

Section: The Effects Of General Anesthetics On Apical Dendrites Of Pymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, a short-lasting dendritic inhibition component (up to 150 ms) is mediated by GABA type A (GABA A ) receptors, whereas a long-lasting component (up to 400 ms) relies on GABA type B (GABA B ) receptors. 52,53 Fourth, it is interesting to note that one of the main differences between basal and apical dendrites of pyramidal cells is the abundant presence, in the latter, of the hyperpolarization-activated current I h . 54,55 I h is a leak conductance that attenuates the propagation of synaptic potentials.…”

Section: The Effects Of General Anesthetics On Apical Dendrites Of Pymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Dendritic Signaling in the Anesthetic Suppression of Consciousness

Meyer

2015

Anesthesiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite considerable progress in the identification of the molecular targets of general anesthetics, it remains unclear how these drugs affect the brain at the systems level to suppress consciousness. According to recent proposals, anesthetics may achieve this feat by interfering with corticocortical topdown processes, that is, by interrupting information flow from association to early sensory cortices. Such a view entails two immediate questions. First, at which anatomical site, and by virtue of which physiological mechanism, do anesthetics interfere with top-down signals? Second, why does a breakdown of top-down signaling cause unconsciousness? While an answer to the first question can be gleaned from emerging neurophysiological evidence on dendritic signaling in cortical pyramidal neurons, a response to the second is offered by increasingly popular theoretical frameworks that place the element of prediction at the heart of conscious perception. Science magazine posed this question in a special section titled "What don't we know?," dedicated to the greatest challenges of contemporary science. 1 "Scientists are chipping away at the drugs' effects on individual neurons," the article reads, "but understanding how they render us unconscious will be a tougher nut to crack." This prediction proved correct: a decade later, we have expanded considerably our knowledge of the molecular targets of general anesthetics, but it remains enigmatic how these drugs affect the brain at the systems level. Why does the potentiation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors caused by propofol or desflurane cause unconsciousness? How are the brain's computational processes affected by this and other molecular mechanisms of anesthetics, so that patients undergoing surgery cease to experience their surrounds in terms of sight, sound, and touch? Anesthesiologists and cognitive neuroscientists alike have been captivated by these questions and have proposed a number of models in an attempt to answer them, such as Flohr's "information processing theory of anesthesia," 2 Alkire's "thalamic consciousness switch hypothesis," 3-6 Mashour's "cognitive unbinding paradigm," 7,8 John and Prichep's "anesthetic cascade," 9 or Hudetz's "forgotten present." 10,11 We shall return to some of these frameworks in a later section of the article.One recent development is particularly intriguing. Given that the most striking feature of general anesthesia is an interruption of the patient's ability to perceive the environment, it would appear intuitive for anesthetics to interfere primarily with bottom-up information flow along the sensory pathways, that is, with the signals that carry perceptual information from the thalamus to the primary sensory cortices and on to unimodal and multimodal association cortices. However, the very opposite appears to be the case. Several recent studies-carried out in both humans and animals, and using a variety of different anesthetic agents-have investigated differences in directional corticocortical connectivity bet...

show abstract

“…Each electrode can also be used to locally stimulate [4,[16][17][18]. Simultaneous recordings of multiple neurons are tedious to realize by patch-clamp, and the cells are only viable for a short time [19,20]. Optical and optogenetic methods provide multi-unit recording and stimulation over extended times, yet still have limited temporal resolution, and it is difficult to detect or to stimulate single action potentials (APs) in individual cells due to stray light and light scattering [3,[9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct interfacing of neurons to highly integrated microsystems

Hierlemann

2017

2017 IEEE 30th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of large high-density transducer arrays enables fundamentally new neuroscientific insights through enabling high-throughput monitoring of action potentials of larger neuronal networks (> 1000 neurons) over extended time to see effects of disturbances or developmental effects, and through facilitating detailed investigations of neuronal signaling characteristics at subcellular level, for example, the study of axonal signal propagation that has been largely inaccessible to established methods. Applications include research in neural diseases and pharmacology.

show abstract

The organization of two new cortical interneuronal circuits

Cited by 303 publications

References 60 publications

Activation of cannabinoid system in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex modulates cost-benefit decision making

Activation of cannabinoid system in anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex modulates cost-benefit decision making

The Role of Dendritic Signaling in the Anesthetic Suppression of Consciousness

Direct interfacing of neurons to highly integrated microsystems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About