The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos confers its genotoxic effects by inducing DNA damage and cell apoptosis

Li, Diqiu; Huang, Qingchun; Lü, Mengkai; Zhang, Lei; Yang, Zhichuan; Zong, Mimi; Tao, Liming

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.024

Cited by 102 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The binding of chlorpyrifos with DNA to produce DNA adducts leads to an increasing concern about the genotoxic risk of chlorpyrifos in fish. Li et al (2015) observed that the sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos induced significant concentration-dependent single strand DNA breaks in the treated cells as compared to control group and conclude that chlorpyrifos is a strongly genotoxic agent that can induce DNA damage and cell apoptosis. DNA strand breaks have been mainly ascribed to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species therefore, it was possible that DNA adducts, and reactive oxygen species contribute to the bifenthrin + chlorpyrifos mediated DNA damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

Ambreen

Javed

2019

J. Zoo Biol.

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The present study was undertaken to examine the DNA damage in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cyprinus carpio under the binary exposure of bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos by using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Limited efforts have been made to study the genotoxic effect for long duration period. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of pesticide mixture to the freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio at sub-lethal concentration exposure (33% LC50). At first 96-hr LC50 value of pesticide, the mixture was determined for Cyprinus carpio in a static system and then sub-lethal concentration was calculated and fish was exposed to this sub-lethal concentration of the mixture in glass aquaria for 70 days (five fortnights) at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on a fortnightly basis for the time-dependent DNA damage assessment in-terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets. Concentration-dependent increase in the percentage of DNA damaged cells were observed up to a 4th fortnight, followed by a slight decrease in the 5th fortnight. Similarly, statistically significant time-dependent DNA damage was observed in terms of percentage of damaged cells, genetic damage index and a cumulative tail length of comets in treated fish (at 33% of LC50) as compared to control groups. The results supported the use of SCGE for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants which may be used as part of environmental monitoring programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

Ambreen

Javed

2019

J. Zoo Biol.

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“…The use of a plant, i.e. an organism with relatively high level of complexity, provides data about potential damage to DNA in a multicellular context, a possibility that is not provided by cell cultures, even if the results may be of importance since the genomes of cultured cells may be of mammals, as in the case of mouse bone marrow cells (Nabeel et al 2008;Algarni 2018) or even transformed lines of human cells (Li et al 2015). Compared to the use of animals for testing, the AT is more cost effective (Vicentini et al 2001;Teixeira et al 2003;Tedesco and Laughinhouse, 2012) and potentially provides a large amount of data with very easy cultivation techniques and without the ethical concerns that affect the use of animals in testing and that necessitate complex breeding guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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A general report on the use of the Allium test as cytotoxicological and genotoxicological assay is proposed, with particular emphasis about the standardization of the test in several common applications. The intraspecific variation in Allium cepa has been overlooked, as in most investigations no mention is made about origin and denomination of the onion cultivar used. A standardization of the used material would allow a better generalization of the results, since we cannot be sure that all cultivars would give the same response. A more frequent use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation is proposed. Even if relatively time consuming and not available in all laboratories, it may help to better understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity, since many morphological characters may appear similar but be arisen from different processes observable only with TEM. About statistical testing, tests other than chi-squared may be used in case of a lower amount of data. The most commonly used statistical tests are the parametric tests ANOVA and Student's t, and the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, for analysis of variance. Tests should be used also to assess the minimal sample dimension for obtaining significance, since data collection (microscope observation) appears to be one of the main bottle necks of the test. Also the use of the Allium test for testing liposomes and other nanovectors for drug delivery is proposed, in order to assess the cytotoxicity of these types of medium and the possible increase in cytotoxicity of the associated drug.

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“…Mutagenesis may cause damages in the offspring and, at other times, be a part of the process that results in carcinogenicity (Zhang & Vijg, 2018). Li et al (2015) demonstrated that CPF could induce breaks in the DNA structure in cultured human lymphocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (35, 70, 105, and 175 μg mL -1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos induces genotoxic effects in human leukocytes in <i>vitro</i> at low concentrations

Serpa

Schmitt

Zuravski

et al. 2019

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate widely marketed as a pesticide. However, only few studies have investigated its genotoxic potential, especially in human tissues or cells, or the minimal concentration capable of inducing damage. This study analyzed the in vitro genotoxic potential of CPF in cultured human leukocytes at concentrations of 3, 35, and 350 μg mL-1. Results demonstrated that the two highest concentrations exhibited an increase (~2-fold) in the micronucleus frequency (p < 0.01), the number of numerical chromosomal instabilities (~10-12 times, p < 0.05), and the number of apoptotic cells (~10-to 20-fold, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the genotoxic potential of CPF and could open new discussions regarding its safety and toxicology.

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The organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos confers its genotoxic effects by inducing DNA damage and cell apoptosis

Cited by 102 publications

References 32 publications

Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

Nuclear Damage in Peripheral Erythrocytes of Cyprinus Carpio Exposed to Binary Mixture of Pesticides

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Chlorpyrifos induces genotoxic effects in human leukocytes in <i>vitro</i> at low concentrations

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