The orientations of psychotherapists.

Differences between more and less effective psychotherapists: A study of select therapist variables.

“…The data also suggested a trend toward this group endorsing more formal attitudes toward physical and social contact between patient and therapist, toward sensitivity training, and marathon groups. Finally, the data also suggested a trend toward the less effective group endorsing the cluster of attitudes towards psychotherapy that Sundland (1977Sundland ( , 1962 has designated as "psychoanalytic". These The trends suggested by the present data with regard to theoretical orientation seem to be consistent with a previous finding by Beutler and Mitchell (1981).…”

“…The Therapist Orientation Questionnaire (TOQ) originally developed by Sundland and Barker (1962) and revised by Sundland (1977) was used to measure theoretical orientation. This questionnaire consists of 76 statements concerning therapist's beliefs about what is desirable in therapy.…”

“…A cautionary note, however, appears to be warranted with respect to the use of Sundland's (1977Sundland's ( ,1962) dimensions for designating practitioners as "psychoanalytic", dimensions which were employed by both the present author and by Beutler and Mitchell. Most important to the present author appears to be the emphasis on an impersonal and passive approach towards interacting with patients that is a signifiant part of Sundland' s (1972) definition of a "psychoanalytic" approach towards psychotherapy.…”

Therapeutic orientation preferences in trainee clinical psychologists: Personality or training?

“…The first significant review (Sundland, 1977) concluded that only scant attention had then been paid to this area. It reported on three studies (Allen, 1966;Patterson, Levene & Breger, 1971;Weiss, 1973) that were suggestive o f a relationship between personality traits and therapeutic activity, although the studies were limited by either their lack o f explicit measure o f therapeutic orientation (Allen, 1966), inadequate number o f participants (Patterson et al, 1971) or by lack o f a recognised measure of personality (Weiss, 1973).…”

Selecting a Theory of Counseling: What Influences a Counseling Student to Choose?

“…Poznanski and Mclennan found that the instruments had 2 themes in common and they were: a) an analytical-experiential component; and b) an objective-subjective dimension. The idea of an analytic component and experiential component was previously proposed by Sundland and Barker [42] based on 3 schools of therapeutic schools of thought (i.e. Freudian, Rogerian, Sullivanians).…”