The Origin and Development of the Compositæ

Cytological Investigations on the Indian Compositae

“…Of the 31 species of Indian members belonging to 12 genera, all were found to possess the haploid chro mosome number 9 or its multiple, with the sole exception of Cyathocline lyrata. Solbrig et al (1964Solbrig et al ( , 1969 whose contributions are the maximum have likewise sug gested 9 as the dominant base number for the tribe. However, in Aster and Haplo pappus chromosome numbers other than 9 are also reported in a number of species.…”

“…Wernham 1912, Small 1919, Bensen 1957and Hutchinson 1959. There are others who uphold Rubialean origin (Bentham 1873, Candolle 1873, Cronquist 1955.…”

Evolutionary Trends in the Fruiting Head of Compositae

“…Without raising the question of homology and origin of the pappus, one must agree with Small (1919) that the primary form of the fruit of the Compositae is that furnished with a well developed setose pappus as represented in Senecio and others. From this type all other pappus forms have been derived.…”

The Arborescent Habit in Angiosperms

“…Small (155); note that Worsdell(i96) interprets the structure of the Compositae as indicating that the herbaceous habit is primitive for the family, a few members of which have become woody; cf. this view with the inferences drawn by Sinnott and Bailey.…”