The origin and evolution of Canadian Shield brines: evaporation or freezing of seawater? New lithium isotope and geochemical evidence from the Slave craton

Halogen geochemistry of the McMurdo dry valleys lakes, Antarctica: Clues to the origin of solutes and lake evolution

“…Black and Bowser (1967) were unable to constrain the sources of salts but again pointed out that the saline discharge changes with time, being NaCl rich initially, and then "aging" to a more Na 2 SO 4 Herut et al, 1990). Taylor Valley lake samples are comparable with brines from the Fennoscandian shield (Starinsky and Katz, 2003) and the Canadian shield (Bottomley et al, 1999). (Fig.…”

Effects of shield brine on the safe disposal of waste in deep geologic environments

“…Two theories have been postulated to explain the presence of the highly saline (up to 1.3 kg/L of density or 350,000 mg/L of TDS) groundwater in the deeper rock. Salinity may have originated from groundwater recharge during episodes of marine intrusion (allochthonous origin) [2,3,17]. Alternatively, it may be a result of rock-water interactions (autochthonous origin) [8,10,16].…”

Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios in Nature

“…Kloppman et al (2002) summarized the existing data base of 1300 oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses from crystalline rocks and suggested that the isotope shift to the left side can be explained by seawater which has dissolved and precipitated fracture minerals and subsequently been diluted by meteoric waters. Bottomley et al (1999) argued that the extremely high concentrations of chloride and bromide in the brines make crystalline host rocks a less likely source for the high salinities. By measuring Li-isotopes these authors postulated that the brines in crystalline rocks share a common marine origin.…”