The Origin of the Jugular C Wave

Rich, Lloyd L.; Tavel, Morton E.

doi:10.1056/nejm197106102842306

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The jugular 'c' wave most likely represents the pressure pulse that is probably caused by bulging of the tricuspid valve into the right atrium during the isovolumic contrac tion period of the right ventricle [ 12]. In Ebstein's anoma ly, the anterior tricuspid leaflet is markedly enlarged due to a downward displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle and shows an excessive sail-like motion [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jugular Venous Pulse in Ebstein's Anomaly: Echocardiographie and Doppler Echocardiographie Study

Fukuda¹,

Hosoi²,

Oki³

et al. 1994

Am J Noninvas Cardiol

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To clarify the characteristics of the jugular venous pulse and its genesis in Ebstein's anomaly, 7 patients with Ebstein’s anomaly and 10 normal subjects were studied using phonomechanocardiography and M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography. A right atrial pressure study was also performed in 4 of the 7 patients. There were 5 patients with predominant tricuspid regurgitation and 2 with a mild anomaly. A large 'c' wave was observed in the jugular venous pulse in 5 patients and in the right atrial pressure curve in 4. The upstroke of the jugular 'c' wave preceded that of the carotid arterial pulse by 35.0 ms. The interval from QRS complex onset to tricuspid valve closure was significantly longer and the closing excursion of the anterior tricuspid leaflet significantly larger in the patients than in the normal subjects. There was a trend for a positive correlation between QRS onset to jugular 'c' wave peak interval and QRS onset to tricuspid valve closure interval. The jugular 'c' wave height exhibited significant positive correlations with the size of the atrialized right ventricle and the mitral to tricuspid anulus distance, but it showed no obvious correlation with the grade of tricuspid regurgitation. These results suggest that augmentation of the jugular 'c' wave is characteristic of Ebstein's anomaly and that it correlates closely with the severity of displacement of the tricuspid valve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jugular Venous Pulse in Ebstein's Anomaly: Echocardiographie and Doppler Echocardiographie Study

Fukuda¹,

Hosoi²,

Oki³

et al. 1994

Am J Noninvas Cardiol

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“…The process known as hematopoiesis, whereby stem cells proliferate and differentiate into ma ture blood cells, plays a critical role in protection against pathogenic invasion [1]. Several proteinaceous factors, termed hematopoietins, have found clinical utility as antiinfectious agents, function ing through mechanisms which enhance host de fense [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Crystal Structure of N,N′-Bis-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylprop-2-yl)- pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide Semihydrate

Klepp¹,

Cuthbertson²,

Fischer³

et al. 1999

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung B

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Crystal Structure, N,N'-Bis-( 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylprop-2-yl)-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide Semihydrate, Hematoregulatory Active Compounds Crystals of the title compound were obtained by recrystallization of N,N'-bis-( 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylprop-2-yl)-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide in aqueous methanol. C 14H22N4O6T /2H2O crystallizes in the triclinic system, s.g. PI (No. 2) with a = 9.339(4) A , b = 13.218(9) A, c = 14.5137(9) Ä, q = 70.95(4)°, ß = 87.66(4)°, 7 = 87.13(4)°, Z = 4. Its crystal structure has been determined from diffractometer data and refined to a conventional R of 0.050 (4008 observations, 464 variable parameters). The structure contains two crystallographically inde pendent molecules which are alternatingly stacked above each other along the [0 0 1]-direction. Extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding between these stacks leads to the formation of slabs parallel to (010). The hydrate water is only loosely attached to one of the molecules and has no apparent influence on the stacking.

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Examination of Veins and Arteries

Fowler

1991

Diagnosis of Heart Disease

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The Origin of the Jugular C Wave

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Jugular Venous Pulse in Ebstein's Anomaly: Echocardiographie and Doppler Echocardiographie Study

Jugular Venous Pulse in Ebstein's Anomaly: Echocardiographie and Doppler Echocardiographie Study

The Crystal Structure of N,N′-Bis-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylprop-2-yl)- pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide Semihydrate

Examination of Veins and Arteries

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