The origin of the maximum hardness of the friction stir welded single-phase Cu-Zn plates: RSM, EBSD, and TEM investigation

Application of nanoindentation to evaluate the hardness and yield strength of brass joints produced by FSW: microstructural and strengthening mechanisms

“…A comparison between the grain size of BM (31.6 μm) and the joints indicates that FSW leads to grain refinement. During FSW due to the presence of heat and deformation, dynamic restoration mechanisms such as dynamic recrystallization generate the new fine grains inside the SZs [16,[22][23][24][25][26]. Recently, it is demonstrated that both the continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX and DDRX) occur during FSW of brasses [9,10,27].…”

“…Recently, it is demonstrated that both the continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX and DDRX) occur during FSW of brasses [9,10,27]. It is believed that with increasing the Zn content in brasses and using lower heat inputs during FSW, the DDRX fraction increases during grain structure formation [16,24]. In this study, due to higher rotational speed and lower traverse speed, the joint number 3 (rotational speed of 700 rpm and traverse speed of 100 mm/min) has a lower heat input condition compared to that of the joint number 18 (rotational speed of 900 rpm and traverse speed of 75 mm/min).…”

Influence of plunge depth during friction stir welding of aluminum pipes

“…The region adjacent to SZ is known as TMAZ, where the grains have been elongated due to shear stresses induced by the v. The insufficient heat and deformation in TMAZs did not create the DRX, and the grains are just deformed in these areas. 39 HAZ is present next to TMAZ; there is no plastic deformation but some variation in microstructure can be observed due to the process heat.…”

A Novel Approach to Structure Modification of Brasses by Combination of Non-equilibrium Heat Treatment and Friction Stir Processing

“…Friction stir processing of Cu-Zn alloys (brasses) has attracted many attentions recently. [4][5][6][7][8] This is because of the fact that FSW is a solid state process and most of the problems associated with the fusion processes of Cu-Zn alloy systems such as zinc evaporation, color change, gas porosity, shrinkage porosity, distortion, micro and macro segregations, dendritic structures, etc. can be overcome.…”

“…It is notable that in addition to the grain refinement of the brasses, higher dislocation density with tangle structures, lower texture intensity, and larger values of Taylor factor have been reported as other reasons for improved mechanical properties after FSP/FSW. [6,7] The second category refers to the methods that use cooling media during or after FSW/FSP. [12][13][14] For instance, Xu et al [14] have used liquid CO 2 as the cooling medium during the FSW of 70/30 brass plates.…”