The Origins of the Communist Rule in Eastern Europe: A Brief History

Enh, Azlizan Mat

doi:10.32890/jis.6.2010.7912

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In Eastern European countries, the ruling parties associated with the USSR, step by step, liquidated political opponents, and the transition process from democracy to tyranny took several years (Enh, 2010).…”

Section: Considermentioning

confidence: 99%

Troll on the net - testing the vulnerability of different networks structures on misinformation

Kopczewski,

Kocerka

2023

Preprint

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Internet trolls are a powerful instrument for spreading misinformation. A troll can be an algorithm that sends a predetermined message to the network and works on the principle: "Repeat a lie often enough, and people will believe it". This study uses a modified DeGroot model of social learning to test the network's vulnerability to messages spread by such trolls. In the study, random graphs generated in a Monte Carlo simulation are infected by a troll placed in a random vertex. The number of interactions needed to fully identify with the troll's message by all network participants will measure the vulnerability of the graphs on misinformation. Multidimensional Scaling and Random Forest machine learning methods applied to data from Monte Carlo simulation will determine which graph and vertex statistics are the best predictors of the network's vulnerability to misinformation. We found that the features of the troll are much stronger predictors than the characteristic of the network.

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Section: Considermentioning

confidence: 99%

Troll on the net - testing the vulnerability of different networks structures on misinformation

Kopczewski,

Kocerka

2023

Preprint

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“…In Greece, a major civil war erupted due to the conflict between the Greek Royalist government and the communist-dominated left-wing resistance, the EAM (Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo-National Liberation Front)/ ELAS (Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós-Greek People's Liberation Army), which received military and political aid from the neighbouring communist satellite countries of the Soviet Union, that is, Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia (Mat Enh, 2010;FO371/73045, 1948). Although there was no apparent involvement by the Soviet Union in this Civil War, the Western powers, particularly the U.S. and Britain were convinced these communist satellite countries received instructions from Moscow regarding their assistance to communist insurgents in the Greek Civil War.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there was no apparent involvement by the Soviet Union in this Civil War, the Western powers, particularly the U.S. and Britain were convinced these communist satellite countries received instructions from Moscow regarding their assistance to communist insurgents in the Greek Civil War. This was due to the Soviet policy in Eastern Europe that preferred countries which bordered the communist countries which had non anti-communist governments (Mat Enh, 2010;Boyle, 1990). Britain and the U.S. "believed Moscow [the Soviet Union] would welcome a communist-controlled Greece if, as seemed likely, the Royalist government collapsed" (Dockrill & Hopkins, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Foreign Secretary’s Role and Influence in the Exclusion of Greece and Türkiye From Nato, 1948–1949

Hussain,

Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli

2023

JIS

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When NATO was created on 4 April 1949 by the United States, Britain, Canada, and several Western European countries with the aim tocontain the Soviet Union’s expansion of power, it was rather peculiar that Greece and Türkiye were excluded, while their Mediterranean neighbour, Italy, was included in this new military organisation. As Greece suffered from the communist insurgents in the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), and Türkiye was unceasingly under Soviet military and diplomatic threat over the provinces of Kars and Ardahan and the Turkish Straits settlements (1946–1953), both seemingly had valid reasons for being included in NATO. However, Britain, one of the renowned founding members of NATO, determinedly repudiated to invite Greece and Türkiye to join NATO. This paper analyses the reasons for Britain to deny these countries NATO membership. The existing literature on this exclusion subject argues that the geographical location and the forthcoming Mediterranean Pact were two apparent causes that influenced Britain to reject Greece and Türkiye’s NATO membership. This paper however, investigates other rejection reasons that have yet to be studied by previous scholars. This paper offers an analysis of Britain’s objections to Greece and Türkiye’s NATO membership during NATO’s creation years through the study of British primary historical records. The finding shows that Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin was eager to have NATO promptly formed, and he believed the proposal for Greece and Türkiye’s inclusion in NATO would hamper this aim, since these two countries were in a dispute over Cyprus. Bevin reckoned that the bitter relationship between Greece and Türkiye over Cyprus would alarm the delegations, hence prolonging the discussions that would lead to further postponement of NATO’s ratification. Thus, Bevin’s démarche was not to propose the inclusion of Greece and Türkiye in NATO at the time.

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The Origins of the Communist Rule in Eastern Europe: A Brief History

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Troll on the net - testing the vulnerability of different networks structures on misinformation

Troll on the net - testing the vulnerability of different networks structures on misinformation

British Foreign Secretary’s Role and Influence in the Exclusion of Greece and Türkiye From Nato, 1948–1949

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