The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: New insights from lampreys

Sower, Stacia A.; Freamat, Mihael; Kavanaugh, Scott I.

doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.023

Cited by 188 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, due to the inaccessibility of hagfish, which live and spawn on the ocean floor (Ota et al, 2007), most studies of agnathan biology have focused on lampreys. Work on lamprey embryos, larvae and adults has provided important insights into the evolution of key vertebrate features including the adaptive immune system (Pancer et al, 2004), the endocrine system (Sower et al, 2009;Close et al, 2010), regenerative capacity (Smith et al, 2011), the head skeleton (McCauley and Bronner-Fraser, 2006) and large-scale gene duplications (Smith et al, 2013). There is also much interest in understanding lamprey biology with the goal of conserving native lamprey species and controlling invasive lampreys (reviewed by Sower, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus: a powerful tool for understanding ancestral gene functions in vertebrates

et al. 2015

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Lamprey is one of only two living jawless vertebrates, a group that includes the first vertebrates. Comparisons between lamprey and jawed vertebrates have yielded important insights into the origin and evolution of vertebrate physiology, morphology and development. Despite its key phylogenetic position, studies of lamprey have been limited by their complex life history, which makes traditional genetic approaches impossible. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a bacterial defense mechanism that was recently adapted to achieve highefficiency targeted mutagenesis in eukaryotes. Here we report CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the genes Tyrosinase and FGF8/17/18 in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, and detail optimized parameters for producing mutant F0 embryos. Using phenotype and genotype analyses, we show that CRISPR/Cas9 is highly effective in the sea lamprey, with a majority of injected embryos developing into complete or partial mutants. The ability to create large numbers of mutant embryos without inbred lines opens exciting new possibilities for studying development in lamprey and other nontraditional model organisms with life histories that prohibit the generation of mutant lines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus: a powerful tool for understanding ancestral gene functions in vertebrates

et al. 2015

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“…The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays an important role in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction (Sower et al 2009). The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a key member of this axis, is secreted from the hypothalamus (Zohar et al 2010) and stimulates the synthesis of reproductive hormones such as GH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (Lee et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of insulin-like growth factor-1 gene with egg-laying traits in the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)

Liu

Lan

et al. 2016

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) is characterized by broodiness, and egg-laying traits in this species should be of primary concern. As a member of the IGF superfamily of proteins, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important positive regulator of growth and gonad development in vertebrates. To explore the effect of IGF-1 on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGF) axis, we cloned and characterized IGF-1 of Muscovy duck. The expression level of IGF-1 was widely expressed in all the tested tissues, and the highest level was detected in the liver. In laying ducks, IGF-1 expression levels in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary were very significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in the tissues of nesting duck, and IGF-1 expression levels in the heart and liver were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that in nesting duck tissues. Furthermore, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A/G) was found and significantly (P < 0.05) associated with age at first egg and egg number at 300 d. This study provides the first evidence that IGF-1 promote egg-laying traits of Muscovy duck through two axes, involving GH/IGF and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes. These findings enrich the information of IGF-1 of Muscovy duck and demonstrate for the first time the ability of IGF-1 to promote reproduction, indicating that IGF-1 could be used as an important marker gene.

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“…Among them, the establishment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, leading to the neuroendocrine control of many complex functions, is probably one of the most critical (Sower et al 2009). The activity of this system is based on the action of multiple peptidic factors belonging to families whose expansion has been shown to mainly coincide with the 2R event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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The origins of the vertebrate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) endocrine systems: New insights from lampreys

Cited by 188 publications

References 70 publications

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus: a powerful tool for understanding ancestral gene functions in vertebrates

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus: a powerful tool for understanding ancestral gene functions in vertebrates

Investigation of insulin-like growth factor-1 gene with egg-laying traits in the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

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